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ATI CHAPTER #44: URINARY ELIMINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ATI CHAPTER #44: URINARY ELIMINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ATI CHAPTER #44: URINARYELIMINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
______ is a precise system of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion. These processes
help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance while filtering and excreting watersoluble
wastes. - Answer-Urinary elimination
what are primary organs involved in urinary elimination - Answer-kidneys, with the
nephrons performing most of the functions of filtration and elimination.
Most adults produce between _____ and _____ mL of urine per day. - Answer-1500
and 2000
urine passage? - Answer-ureters into the bladder, the storage reservoir for urine. Once
an adequate amount of urine collects in the bladder then ends a signal to the brain to
indicate the need to urinate. The person then relaxes the internal and external
sphincters located at the bottom of the bladder and the urethra. Urine passes from the
bladder through the urethra where it exits the body.
What interventions may affect a client's urinary elimination? - Answer-surgery
immobility
medications
therapeutic diets
Urinary diversions are _____, a stoma for the drainage of urine - Answer-temporary or
permanent
Ureterostomy - Answer-one or both ureters to the abdominal surface
Nephrostomy - Answer-a tube from the renal pelvis to the abdominal surface
_____ for urine diversions are similar to those for bowel diversions with similar body
image concerns. - Answer-Pouched systems
Urinary diversions may be created for clients for what reasons? - Answer-cancer or
injury to the bladder.
Factors Affecting Normal Urinary Elimination: - Answer-Age / Pregnancy / Diet
Poor abdominal and pelvic muscle tone
Acute and chronic disease conditions
Spinal cord injury
Immobility / Psychosocial factors / Pain
, Age - Answer--Full bladder control by 4 to 5 years of age
-Enlargement of the prostate after 40 years of age leading to urinary frequency,
hesitancy, retention, incontinence, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
-Childbirth and gravity weaken the pelvic floor, putting clients at risk for prolapse of the
bladder, leading to stress incontinence, which clients can manage with pelvic floor
(Kegel) exercises.
Older adult clients
-Fewer nephrons
-Loss of muscle tone of the bladder - frequency occurs
-Inefficient emptying of the bladder - residual urine increasing the risk of UTIs
- Increase in nocturia
Pregnancy - Answer-- A growing fetus compromises bladder space and compresses the
bladder.
-There is a 30% to 50% increase in circulatory volume, which increases renal workload
and output.
-The hormone relaxin causes relaxation of the sphincter.
Diet - Answer-- An increase in sodium leads to decreased urination.
- Caffeine and alcohol intake lead to increased urination.
● Poor abdominal and pelvic muscle tone
● Acute and chronic disorders
● Spinal cord injury
● Immobility
-Incontinence is not associated with aging. It is a result of neurological or mobility
impairments.
Psychosocial factors - Answer-- Emotional stress and anxiety
- Having to use public toilets, lack of privacy when hospitalized
- Not having enough time to urinate (predetermined bathroom breaks in elementary
schools)
Pain - Answer-- Suppression of the urge to urinate when there is pain in the urinary tract
-Obstruction in the ureter leading to renal colic
- Arthritis or painful joints causing immobility, which leads to delayed urination
Surgical procedures - Answer-- Alterations in glomerular filtration rate from
anesthesia/opioid analgesics, resulting in decreased
urine output
- Lower abdominal surgery creating obstructing edema and inflammation
Medications - Answer-- Diuretics preventing reabsorption of water
- Antihistamines and anticholinergics causing urinary retention-Medications changing
urine color
-Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) - orange
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