Test Bank n
Foundations of Mental Health
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n Care8th Edition by Morrison-Valfre
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,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
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MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational
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soul controlled the irrational soulcould be compared with the belief
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ofthe more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud.
b. Pinel.
c. Fisher.
d. Rush.
ANS: A n
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
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personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need
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ofmedical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill,
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and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 n n n
TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
n KEY: Nursing Process Step:
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AssessmentMSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded
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byprofessionals. This practice led to
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a. classifications
b. diagnosing
c. treatment
d. education
ANS: A n
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more
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accuraterecording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education
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regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: n n
3TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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,3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine,
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nandinhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
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a. Dix.
b. Beers.
c. Pinel.
d. Carter.
ANS: C n
Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea
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Dixcrusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
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Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President‘s Commission on Mental Health
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in1978.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 n n n
TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step:
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AssessmentMSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841,
n surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, n n n n n n n n
Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care
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ofthe mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud n
b. John Cade n
c. Florence Nightingale n
d. Dorothea Dix n
ANS: D n
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is creditedwith
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major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of
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psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and
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Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 n n n
TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step:
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AssessmentMSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers‘ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee
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nforMental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
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a. early detection of symptoms of mental illness.
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b. education of caregivers. n n
c. current treatment options. n n
d. removing the stigma attached to mental illness. n n n n n n
ANS: D n
Clifford Beers‘ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received
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forthe next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers‘ work and book raised the consciousness of people
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throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness.
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Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding
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mentalillness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental
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Hygiene.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n n OBJ: 4 n
, TOP: Mental Illness in the 20th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step:
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AssessmentMSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma
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thatcould last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy n
b. Insulin therapy n
c. Humoral therapy n
d. Amphetamine therapy n
ANS: B n
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
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nwere used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression.
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nHumoraltherapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness
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nresulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 n n n
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
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Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used
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totreat?
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a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder n
c. Severe depression n
d. Violent behavior n
ANS: C n
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
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schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy.
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In1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 n n n
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
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Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
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Whichdescription of this procedure is accurate?
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a.A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
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b.A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
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c.A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
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d.A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
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ANS: C n
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from
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thethalamus.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 n n n
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
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Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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