Class notes
Bio 181 - Comprehensive Macromolecules Notes
- Course
- BIO 181
- Institution
- Grand Canyon University
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on macromolecules , monomers,polymers e.t.c. *Essential!! *Precise!! *For you!!
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9-22Quiz 2: Oct 1 (Ch. 5,6,7)
Exam 1: Oct 6 (Topics 1 & 2)
HW: Ch 5 & 6 (Class Participation 3)
Review Assignment: 2 (Ch. 5) – located in week 2
Chapter 5 Notes
The Molecules of Life
All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Macromolecules are large molecules and are complex
Large biological molecules have unique properties that arise from the orderly
arrangement of their atoms
Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks
The repeating units that serve as building blocks are called monomers
Three of the four classes of life’s organic molecules are polymers
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Nucleic acids
The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
Enzymes are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions such as those
that make or break down polymers
A dehydration reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a
water molecule
Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a reaction that is essentially the
reverse of dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
Carbohydrates include sugars and the polymers of sugars
The simplest carbs are monosaccharides, or simple sugars
Carbohydrate macromolecules are polysaccharides, polymers composed of many sugar
building blocks
Sugars
Monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CH2O
Glucose (C6H12O6) is the most common monosaccharide
Monosaccharides are classified by
o The location of the carbonyl group
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