Exam (elaborations)
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - Cala Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - Cala
[Show more]
Content preview
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - CalaWhat is Autosomal Dominant Inheritance? - answer- Dominant Allele
- Males and females likely to inherit trait.
- "Dominant"- having at least one allele is all it takes
What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance? - answer- Recessive Allele
- Males and Females equally affected
- Needs both alleles to be recessive to have trait
- Having only one makes person a "carrier," no expression
How do bad alleles happen? - answer- Mutations, change the genomic sequences
- Mutation can, have no effect, create a different product, prevent gene from functioning
- Not all mutations are "bad"
What are Somatic Mutations? - answer Mutations not transferred to next generation
Example: Cancer
When can mutations affect descending generations? - answerIf mutations occur in cells
that become gametes (in Meiosis), mutations can be passed to next generation
What can cause mutations? - answerRadiation, Viruses, Chemicals, or errors during
Meiosis or DNA replication
Homozygous parentals with different traits - answerPhenotype dominant X Recessive
What is a Monohybrid Cross? - answerCrossed F1 X F1
What is Backcross? - answerCrossed F1 back to recessive parental
What is Probability? - answerUsed when more than two traits
0 = 0% & Event will not happen
1 = 100% & Event will happen
The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of an event must be 1
"and" --->Multiply
"or"----> Add
Genetic Example 1:
,Mendel crossed two heterozygous smooth-, yellow-seeded F1 plants. What's the
probability that the offspring was smooth-, green-seeded? - answer- Probability that it's
smooth = 3/4
- Probability that it's green = 1/4
- Probability that it's smooth and green =
3/ 4 x 1/4 = 3/16
Genetic Example 2:
What's the probability of obtaining a wrinkled-, green- seeded, tall, purple-flowered
offspring from a self-cross of heterozygous round-seeded, yellow-seeded, tall, purple-
flowered F1 pea plants? - answerAaBbCcDd×AaBbCcDd
- Probability that it's wrinkled (aa) = 1/4
- Probability that it's green (bb) = 1/4
- Probability that it's tall (CC or Cc) = 3/4
- Probability that it's purple (DD or Dd) = 3/4
- Probability that it's wrinkled, green, tall, purple =
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 9/256
Genetic Example 3: - answer
Probability Example 1:
Joe and Amy plan to have two children. Whats the probability that the first is a boy and
the second is a girl? - answer-0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25
Probability Example 2:
What's the probability of having a family with all girl children, assuming the family has 5
children? - answer- 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 = (0.5)5 = 0.03125
What is Co-Dominance? - answerTwo alleles both affect the phenotype in separate,
distinguishable ways
I^A: Dominant
I^B: Dominant
I^A and I^B: C0-Dominant
i: recessive
How do blood types work?
Type A - answerType A glycoprotein on blood cell ONLY
How do blood types work?
Type B - answerType B glycoprotein on blood cell ONLY
How do blood types work?
O - answerNo recognizable glycoprotein from this group on blood cell
How do blood types work?
, AB - answerBoth A and B glycoproteins
What are Glycoproteins? - answer- Are proteins
- If you don't normally have it and you get blood with it, your body's own antibodies will
attack it as foreign
Rh +/- - answerAdditional blood system describing many antigens on the blood cells
Rh positive (Rh+):
Blood cells have D antigen
Rh negative (Rh-):
Blood cells do not have D antigen
Founders of Linkage - answerMendel (1865): OG
Thomas Hunt Morgan: Added to Mendels idea w/ Chromosome Theory
Morgan's Model organism was the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
Linkage - answer- According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, alleles for
different characterisics always assort independently (H0)
- Morgan looked at two traits:
Body color (gray dominant) and wing shape (large wings dominant)
- Morgan also discovered that even if genes are linked, they are not always inherited
together
Genetic Recombination: Absolute Linkage - answerRare- genes at different loci on the
same chromosome do sometimes separate
-Genes may recombine during prophase 1 of Meiosis by crossing over.
-Chromosomes exchange corresponding segments. The exchange involves two
chromatids ir the tetrad; both chromatids become recombinant
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene - answerSame gene, just slightly different alleles
Produces pheomelanin more than euomelanin
Genetic Recombination - answerRecombinant offspring phenotypes (non-parental)
appear in recombinant frequencies: Divide # of recombinant offspring by total # of
offspring
- Frequencies are greater for loci that are further apart
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller julianah420. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now