Exam (elaborations)
UTA Pharmacology 2024 Exam 4(217 questions and answers)
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UTA Pharmacology 2024 Exam 4(217 questions and answers)
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UTA Pharmacology2024 Exam 4(217
questions and
answers)
When you think CNS depressants, which general term can
be used to describe side effects? - answer "Hangover"
poor judgement, amnesia, coordination loss and headache
What are two common herbal supplements that interfere
with CNS depressants - answer Kava kava and Valerian
Kava kava - answer An herbal supplement made of dried
rhizomes from Piper methysticum. Can cause discoloration
of hair skin and nails with long term use. It has CNS
depressing effects and is used to treat anxiety, insomnia
and sometimes ADHD.
Valerian - answer The root of contains acids that are used
to treat anxiety, restlessness or sleep disorders. It is used
as a CNS depressant. It interacts with most CNS
depressants, MAOIs and Phenytoin.
Demographics that suffer from insomnia? - answer
Primarily women, 10-20% suffer from in the US, increases
with age.
,Non-pharmacologic Sleep Aid - answer Specific sleep
schedule/ritual
don't take daytime naps
warm fluid at bed
take a warm bath prebed
listen to relaxing music or read
no exercise or heavy meals close to bed
Benzodiazepines are indicated for - answer insomnia,
muscle spasms, anxiety, anesthesia, seizures, and status
epilepticus
Benzo MOA - answer Depress CNS- thought to stimulate
GABA
Benzo's are contraindicated in? - answer narrow angle
glaucoma, allergy or pregnancy
Benzodiazepines adverse effects - answer hangover-
drowsy, lethargic confused dizzy amnesic and impaired
cognitively
Benzodiazepines nomenclature - answer They end in -pam
and -lam
,Benzodiazepines Toxicity - answer More likely when used
with other CNS depressants including alcohol, valerian or
kava kava
Benzodiazepines overdose/anesthesia - answer Flumazenil
is antidote for overdose/ or do bring patient out of
anesthesia. Not often used for general toxicity as it can
cause seizures.
Flurazepam - answer Benzodiazepine
Diazepam - answer Benzodiazepine
Clonazepam - answer Benzodiazepine
Alprazolam - answer Benzodiazepine
(Xanax)
Temazepam - answer Benzodiazepine
Triazolam - answer Benzodiazepine
Estrazolam - answer Benzodiazepines
ProSom
Benzodiazepines Interactions - answer 1.Alcohol and other
CNS depressants.
, 2. kava and valerian
3. grapefruit juice-prolongs effect
Non-benzodiazepines example - answer Zolpidem
(Ambien)
Zolpidem - answer Non−benzodiazepine hypnotic, acts via
inhibition of the BDZ1 (omega1) neurotransmitter
receptor subtype and is reversed by flumazenil; less
amnesia and muscle relaxation; lower dependence liability
Non-benzodiazepines indications - answer Indicated for
use in insomniacs
Adverse Effects of non-benzodiazepines - answer
"hangover" (especially amnesic), tolerance, dependence
and binge eating.
Ambien users have been known to drive, prepare food,
etc...without knowledge or memory
Barbituates MOA - answer Facilitate GABA(a) action by inc
duration of Cl- channel opening --> dec neuron firing
Barbituates indications - answer insomniacs, seizure
disorders, anesthetic
Barbiturates adverse effects - answer Most life
threatening: respiratory depression, hypotension
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