Summary Flashcards: Module 2 - Foundations in biology
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Course
Module 2 - Foundations in biology
Institution
OCR
Included are my first year Module 2 flashcards for A-level Biology in OCR A. The content is similar to that of AQA. These flashcards helped me achieve an A* in my module 2 ACP. I hope you find them useful.
THESE FLASHCARDS ARE IN ORDER OF THE OCR A BIOLOGY SPECIFICATION :)
*Disclaimer: This d...
Module 2 - Foundations in biology
Describe a transmission electron - 2D black and white images
microscope - Internal details visible
- Highest resolution - smaller
organelles become visible
Describe a scanning electron microscope - 3D black and white images
- Can see surface detail
Resolution and magnification on light Resolution - 200 nm
microscope/optical Magnification - x1500
Resolution and magnification on TEM Resolution - 0.2 nm
Magnification - x1,000,000
Resolution and magnification on SEM Resolution - 2 nm
Magnification - x200,000
, Describe the functions of the cytoskeleton - Whole cell support by providing
in eukaryotic cells strength and stability
- Movement of cilia, chromosomes
and vesicles
- Determines and changes the shape
of the cell
- Forms spindle fibres
- Holds organelles in place
List 8 properties of water - Coolant
- Solvent
- Transport medium
- High specific heat capacity
- High latent heat of vaporisation
- Habitat
- Cohesion/adhesion
- High surface tension
Properties of triglycerides - Energy storage
- Thermal insulation
- Cushioning to protect vital organs
- Buoyancy for aquatic animals
Properties of phospholipid - Forms the phospholipid bilayer
acting as a barrier to water-soluble
substances
- Controls what enters and leaves a
cell
- Centre of bilayer is hydrophobic
Properties of cholesterol - Regulates fluidity of plasma
membrane
- Positioned between the
phospholipids
Secondary structure of proteins Hydrogen bonds form within the amino acid
chain, so it coils into an alpha helix or folds
into a beta pleated sheet
Tertiary structure of proteins The coiled or folded chain of amino acids is
coiled and folded further
- Ionic bonds
- Hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
- Disulfide bridges
Quaternary structure of proteins Several polypeptide chains are joined
together
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