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Oceanography Exam 1 Study Guide || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
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What does plate tectonics refer to? correct answers It is a theory explaining the movement of the Earth's crust -Earth's crust is not solid but rather a bunch of pieces (or 'plates') that move on the surface of the Earth. Similar to cracked egg shell. We need all three boundary types for plates...

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  • August 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Oceanography Exam 1 Study Guide || with 100% Error-free
Solutions.
What does plate tectonics refer to? correct answers It is a theory explaining the movement of the
Earth's crust
-Earth's crust is not solid but rather a bunch of pieces (or 'plates') that move on the surface of the
Earth. Similar to cracked egg shell.

We need all three boundary types for plates to move around Earth's surface:
-Convection currents -- drives the movement
-Mid-ocean ridge -- spreading center
Subduction zones -- oceanic trench site of crust destruction

What is the major evidence for plate tectonics? correct answers -Fit -- Shape of continents - they
fit like puzzle pieces
-Mountain ranges (Appalachian mountains)
-Glacial Deposits
-Fossils

What are the different boundary types? correct answers Divergent plate boundaries, convergent
plate boundaries, transform plate boundaries

Divergent Plate Boundaries correct answers Boundaries between plates moving apart
--Divergent ocean crust (Mid-Atlantic ridge)
--Divergent continental crust (The Rift Valley of East Africa)

Divergent boundaries results in seafloor spreading
Mid ocean ridges
--Deep trenches at continental margins
--Seafloor volcanoes with flat tops

As you move away from the divergent boundary, the rock crust gets older

Convergent Plate Boundaries correct answers Regions where plates are pushing together

Compression produces buckling and shortening

Ocean crust destroyed - subduction zone volcanoes - ring of fire
-Ocean trench formed
-Volcanic ash formed

Three types of convergent boundary
1. Ocean-continent
2. Ocean-Ocean
3. Continent-Continent

, Transform Plate Boundaries correct answers Transform faults form because axis of seafloor
spreading on a sphere

Example: San Andreas Fault

Sea floor is not created or destroyed + no volcanoes formed

What types of tectonic activity happens at plate boundaries? What about at non-plate
boundaries? correct answers At plate boundaries:
-You will always find earth
-Volcanoes at plate boundaries where subduction happens (ocean-ocean and ocean-continent
convergent boundaries &
Mountains and island chains forming
-Tectonics form ocean basins at major plate boundaries.

Non plate boundaries:
-Mantle plumes will come up from the center of the earth and bust up though the plate and cause
a volcano. You end up with an island chain forming such as Hawaii and hot spots happen
-There are volcanic islands within a plate and island chains
-Record ancient plate motions

How is oceanic crust different from continental crust? correct answers -Continental crust is thick
and relatively light. It is made of granite and lightly colored. Its predominant elements are silica,
oxygen, and aluminum
-Oceanic crust is not as thick but it is dense. It is made of basalt and is dark colored. Its
predominant elements are iron, oxygen, and magnesium

What is salinity? correct answers It is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water
-Ratio of mass of dissolved substances to the mass of the water sample
-Does not include fine particles in suspension (e.g. rocks and dirt)
Expressed as parts per thousand (ppt): %

Why is the ocean salty? correct answers -Rain dissolves rocks
-That dissolution creates 'salts' (salt is not just NaCl) that are dissolved in water
-Process is called weathering

Why is global circulation important? correct answers -It transports about 20% of latitudinal heat
-- Equator to poles
-Transport, carbon, nutrients, and organisms
-Influences weather & climate
-Influences commerce

How do pressure gradients impact wind movement? correct answers -Wind always flows from
high to low pressure along Earth's surface

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