SPECIFICATIONS & 16 DIVISIONS
SPECS (PART 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION OF TERMS) 19.
Supplementary supplements and may also modify provisions of the general when the
Construction conditions conditions. construction When does an addedum become part of the contract
1. consists of contract documents and bidding requirements 40.
Documents Supplementary these may be needed to provide requirements unique to a contract is documents?
20.
Construction Its purpose is to communicate the written and graphic design conditions specific project executed
2. instructions which may be issued to the bidding to issued prior to the opening of bids; are the changes made
Documents for administration of the construction contract 41. Addenda
21. Special Provisions supplement and /or modify drawings, specifications, and/or before contract execution
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Drawings,
Conditions of general conditions of the contract. Instructions, change orders, directives written after execution
3. The 3 basic construction documents A written documents describing in detail the scope of work to Contract of the contract; contain the legally enforceable requirements
Contracts, 42.
Specification be done, materials and equipment to be used, method of modifications which become part of the contract when the agreement is
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22. Specifications
4. Contract Forms also called as "agreement" installations or application and the quality of workmanship for signed
Bidding a certain work to be placed under contract True or False: Contract Modifications can be issued at any
5. used to describe the documents furnished to bidders 43. True
Documents does not include material cost; explicit set of requirements to time during the contract period.
Bidding Phase of 23. Specifications be satisfies by a material, product, or service; a written authorizing a change in work, or adjustments in the contract
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6. a project prior to when does the owner supply bidding documents? description of work to be performed. 44. Change orders sum, or the contract time as original defined by the contract
construction 24. Specifications it govern over drawings documents.
Bidding supplied by the owner during bidding phase of a project prior utilized in conjunction with working(contract) drawings in Architect /
7. 25. Specifications
Documents to construction building construction 45. Engineer / Who can sign the change orders?
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include owner-architect agreement or contract form, must be accurate, clear and concise-regardless of the type Contractor
drawings and/or plans, specifications, general conditions, 26. Specifications of building they are written for or whether they are construction change authorizations; a written order effecting
Contract 46. Field orders
8. special provisions, all addenda, modifications and changes architectural or engineering specs. minor change in the work
Documents they remove speculation about requirements and thus it does not involve an adjustment in the contract sum or an
thereto together with any other items stipulated as being 27. Specifications
extension of the contract time, issued by the
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specifically included enable contractors to bud the project more intelligently
47. Field orders
These are the Agreement, Standard Contract Documents, 28. Drawings graphical presentations of the work include in the project architect/engineer to the contractor during the construction
9. Contract Forms 29. Drawings These include all supplementary details and shop drawings. phase.
Performance Bond, Payment Bond, and Certificates
Conditions of the These are the General Conditions and Supplementary may include schematic diagrams showing such things as minor instructions or interpretations not involving change
10. 30. Drawings Supplemental
Contract Conditions mechanical and electrical systems 48. orders, does not involve changes in contract sum or contract
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instructions
contract between owner and the contractor including all may include schedules of structural elements, equipment, time.
31. Drawings a complete set of bid and contract documents the include
supplemental agreements thereto and all general and finishes and other similar items
special provisions pertaining to the work or materials should include among others the location of materials, 49. Project manual the bidding requirements, contract forms, contract conditions
11. Agreement 32. Drawings and project specifications.
therefore; a written agreement between the owner and equipment, and fixtures
contractor setting forth the work to performed , the time for intended for use by a contractor, subcontractor or fabricator, it is material provided to the architect/engineer for review or
s
50. Submittal
completion and the contract sum. 33. Working drawings which form part of the contract documents for a building acceptance
a guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to project. basic insurance requirements and coverage that may be
51. Insurance necessary to safeguard the interest of all parties to the
12.
13.
Performance Bond execute the work in accordance with the terms of the
Payment Bond
contract
a guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to pay
all obligations arising from the contract
includes certificates of insurance and of compliance with
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34.
35.
Architectural
drawing
contains the necessary graphical information to
Working drawings manufacture, text, fabricate or construct a building or portion
thereof.
Drawing documents prepared by an architect for a
52.
53.
Specifications
Specifications
contract, including the designers
Detailed description of scope of work, materials, equipment,
method of installation, and quality of workmanship
What should govern? Specifications or Drawings?
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14. Certificate construction project Supplementary Additional information which may be issued as an addition or
applicable laws and regulations documents 54.
this portions of the contract documents which define, set these documents are technical in nature; used to fully and Specifications amendment to the provision of specification
Engineering Guide standardized document intended to provide guidance to the
forth, or relate to contract terminology, the rights and clearly define requirements for engineering items or work, 55.
36. drawing Specifications specifier
responsibilities of the contracting parties and others involved and is usually created in accordance with standardized
documents
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Conditions of the in the work, requirements for safety and compliance with conventions and detials. it is an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a
15. 56. Specifications
Contract laws and regulations, gen. procedure fir the orderly Engineering material, product or service.
these drawing documents include structural, electrical,
execution and management of the work, payments to the 37. drawing Function of Specifications; It says that in the event of conflict
mechanical, sanitary plans Legal
contractor and similar provisions of a general non-technical documents 57. between drawings and specifications, specifications should
Consideration
nature. govern.
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written or graphic instruments that supplement the bidding
Conditions of the defines basic rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the 38. Addenda documents for the purpose of clarifying, correcting or adding Bidding Function of Specifications; Includes invitation to the Bid,
16. 58.
Contract parties involved in the construction process. to the specifications previously issued. Requirements Instruction to Bidders, the Bid Form and Big Bond.
stipulates the procedural and the administrative aspects of modifies or interprets the bidding documents, including, Subcontractor's Function of Specifications; drawings show all of the work
General 59.
17. the contract; sets forth rights, responsibilities, and 39. Addenda drawings and specifications, by additions, deletions, Limit needed to be done nd the interrrelationship of various parts
Conditions
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relationships of the parties involved. clarifications, or correction. Function of Specifications; the specifications established
General general clauses that establish how the project is to be 60. Quality Control inspection and testing producers to be followed during the
18.
Conditions administered construction operation
1
, SPECIFICATIONS & 16 DIVISIONS
Function of Specifications; governing owner's liability, Specification Acceptable use only in very SPECIAL INSTANCES where experts
Insurance 79. it should be precise and not vague. 19.
61. contractor's liability and the fire insurance; usually Language Installers knowledge and workmanship are paramount
Consideration
incorporated in general conditions 80. Clear One of the 3 C's, means no ambiguity subparagraphs heading as field measurements, priming and
20. Preparation
Function of Specifications; may permit the contractor to use 81. Correct One of the 3 C's, means technicality so on
62. Alternate Options
several materials. 82. Concise One of the 3 C's, means no excessive verbiage Erection /
include various subparagraph detailing the requirements for
Function of Specifications; Establish the limits of each prime is recommended method for instructions covering installation Installation /
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63. Contractor Limits 83. Imperative Mode 21. installation details, construction and erection methods and
contract of products and equipment Application /
quality of workmanship
Function of Specifications; in some instances, there are traditional language of specification; this requires the word Construction
64. Design Criteria 84. Indicative Mode
some design that could not be reflected in the drawings shall in nearly every statement Field Quality test and inspection procedure to determine the ADEQUACY
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22.
a complete set of bid and contract documents that include it denotes the things the supplier shall do, documents they Control of the work
65. Project Manual the bidding requirements, contract forms, contract conditions 85. Shall 23. Adjusting putting builders' hardware into operating condition
shall supply, features they shall build into the equipment
and project specification. It denotes the information the owner will supply, documents 24. Cleaning cleaning of specific surfaces
A basis for large corporations, gov't agencies and most 86. Will the owner will review, and approvals the owner will issuse- FOCUSES PRIMARILY to mechanical and electrical
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Master 25. Demonstration
66. design firms. These include items of work normally all at the proper time systems, to elevators, process equipment and so forth
Specifications
encountered by that organization. surfaces that may damage by subsequent construction
26. Protection
A uniform classification system for construction specs that is operations
67. Master Format divided into several sections, each of which is sequentially includes items such as hardware schedules, lighting fixtures
SPECS (PART 2: CSI THREE-PART SECTION FORMAT) 27. Schedules
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numbered and named. and so forth
General, Products, These are the three basic parts section format are the
A specification that stipulates how a particular component or 1.
Execution following
Performance system must perform without giving the means to be
68. This part covers the general areas of concern which precede
Specifications employed to achieve the results. Example: Painted surface 2. General
and follow work, and which define the scopre of work. SPECS (PART 3: MASTER SPECIFICATIONS AND FORMAT)
shall withstand 10 washings with mild detergents.
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This part defines in detail the materials, equipment, system, most design firms, government agencies, and large
A specification that stipulates exact quantities and qualities 3. Products Master
fixtures, etc. which will be incorporated in the work. 1. corporations use this specifications as basis for their project
Descriptive or properties of materials to be furnished and how they are Specifications
69. Describes in detail the manner in which items covered in part specifications.
Specifications to be assembled or installed in a construction; Example: 4. Execution
Mechanical exhaust fan shall be wall-mounted two are to be incorporated into the work. a uniform classification system for construction specifications
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Systems 2. Masterformat that is divided into several sections, each of which is
A specification that refers to a standard specification to generally applicable to mechanical, electrical, elevators and
5. Description or sequentially numbered and named.
indicate the properties desired in a material or component process equipment
Reference Systems Start-Up provides a master list of divisions and section number and
70. and the methods of testing required to substantiate the
Specifications enumerate various types of data to be submitted for titles within each division, to follow in organizing information
performance of products; Example: Masonry surface paint 6. Submittals 3. Masterformat
finish - Flat finish (latex type) Boysen Permacoat Latex #701 architect's review about a facility's construction requirements and associated
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standards, qualifications, regulatory requirements and activities..
A specification that stipulates use of specific products, 7. Quality Assurance
Proprietary systems, or processes without provision for substitution; mock-up it is a product of the construction specifications institute
71. it establish the standards and criteria for determining the 4. Masterformat (CSI) and construction specifications canada; also known as
Specifications states actual maker, model, catalog number of a product or
72.
Brand Name
Specifications
the installation instruction of a manufacturer
where the desired product is specified by the name given by
the manufacturer or by the manufacturer's name and model
number
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8.
9.
Qualifications
regulatory
requirements
qualifications of tradesmen, suppliers
cite specification regulations and codes that apply to
contractors detailed design of trusses, connections, precast
items, etc.
5. Masterspec
uniform system
one of the most complete and widely used guide
specifications available; are titled, formatted and number
especially in accordance with MASTERFORMAT and CSI's
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a full sized structural model built accurately to include Manual practice.
generally brand name specs; used where material is 10. mock up
Closed sample panels curtain wall assembles, etc is copyrighted by the construction sciences research
73. required to match existing material in terms of quality, type
Specifications Delivery, Storage general provisions governing the transportation, handling, 6. SPECTEXT foundation and published by construction specification
and performance 11.
and Handling storage and protection of material and equipment institue.
Open specification where in all manufacturers whose product meet
74. Project / Site specification subparagraph dealing with the physical spectext is revised every _____ years; portions of specs are
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Specification the performance or product specified, may qualify to bid 12. 7. 5 yeasr
Conditions environmental conditions revised quarterly
Brand name a type of specification where the desired product is specified
75. Sequencing and successor of sweet spec; interactive expert system for
specifications by the name given by the manufacturer 13. be careful not to intrude on contractor's responsibility 8. SPECSyste
Scheduling writing specifications.
there are 2 types of this specification namely: the single
Closed product and the multi product; This is used basically where is used to set forth the requirements for correcting defects D1 - General includes most requirements that apply to the job as a whole
9.
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76. 14. Warranty Requirements or to several
specifications material is required to match the existing material in terms of that extend beyond 1 year correction of work
quality, type and performance separate maintenance requirements that are part of the includes most subjects dealing with site preparation and
15. Maintenance 10. D2 - Sitework
may be a combination of performance, descriptive and general construction development
Combination whether prepared on-site or off-site; specify the proportions mostly associated with concrete work: except paving, piles,
77. reference specifications but never a combination of open 16. Mixes 11. D3 - Concrete
Specification waterproofing and terrazzo
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and closed specification. of the materials listed above
is employed when the specifier describes in detail the shop priming of ferrous metal and shop finishing of wood 12. D4 - Masonry most materials are traditionally installed by mason
17. Finishes most structural metals and metals not falling under the
78. Method system materials, workmanship, installation and erection procedures cabinets are specified here 13. D5 - Metals
to be used by the contractor Source Quality specific provsion of other divisions.
18. test and inspections of products fabricated OFF-SITE
Control
2
, SPECIFICATIONS & 16 DIVISIONS
D6 - Wood and is defined as the Liquid Limit minus the Plastic Limit: Categories of geosynthetics
14. most work traditionally performed by carpenters Plasticity Index
Plastics 14. LL -PL = PI, that is the range of water content over which 1. Geotextiles
(PI)
D7 - Thermal and sediment behaves 2. Geomembranes
most items normally associated with insulation and 26.
15. Moisture soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raise an existing 3. Geocomposites
preventing the passage of water vapor
Protection 15. Fill materials grade, or as a man-made-deposit; generally used under 4. Geonets
D8 - Doors and includes hardware, door, window and frames, metal and footings, pavers, or concrete slabs on grade 5. Geocells
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16.
windows glass curtain walls etc (USCS) are the most common geosynthetics, and consist of woven
includes interior finishes not traditionally the work of the 16. GW, GM, GP Gravels with > 50% retained on No. 200 sieve and > 50% or nonwoven fabric made from polymeric materials such as
17. D9 - Finishes 27. Geotextiles
carpentry trade further retained on No.40 sieve. polyester or polypropylene generally used for reinforcement,
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18. D10 - Specialties includes factory-assembled, pre finished items (USCS) separation, filtration, and in-plane drainage.
19. D11 - Equipment includes most items of specialized equipment 17. SW, SM or Sands with > 50% are retained on No. 200 sieve and 50% Purposes of geotextiles
or more passes No.40 sieve. 1. Reinforcement
soil materials with sand equivalent of not less than 50%; 28. 2. Separation
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Granular Fill or used to prevent the movement of fine particles out of soils 3. Filtration
SPECS (PART 4: DIVISIONS OF MASTER FORMAT) 18. 4. In-plane drainage
Filters and other natural materials through which seepage occurs;
1. Division 1 General Requirements conforming to ASTM C 33, size 67. when the geotextile fabric lends its strength to low
2. Division 2 Sitework selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated 29. Reinforcement load-bearing soil to increase the overall design strength and
3. Division 3 Concrete decrease the amount of sub-base and base course material.
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19. Borrow Fill granite, sand, shale, cinders or other similar materials with
4. Division 4 Masonry not more than 35% fraction passing the No. 200 sieve. when the geotextile is placed between dissimilar materials to
5. Division 5 Metals 30. Separation
hard durable fragments of stone and a filler of sand or other prevent migration of one of the materials into the other.
6. Division 6 Woods & Plastics Base Course
20. finely divided mineral matter, free from vegetable matter and when the geotextile is used to prevent the movement of fine
7. Division 7 Thermal & Moisture Protection Materials 31. Filtration
lumps of clay particles from soil through which seepage occurs
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8. Division 8 Doors & Windows Local borrow fill materials The separate categories of filtration
9. Division 9 Finishes 1. Banda y banda 1. Subsurface
21. 32. Geotextiles
10. Division 10 Specialties 2. Escombro 2. Erosion control
11. Division 11 Equipment 3. Escombro - bulik (for riprap) 3. Sediment control
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12. Division 12 Furnishings P5000 per 15 16 (Geotextiles)
22. Price of escombro local borrow fill
13. Division 13 Special Construction cubic meters those employed in sub-surface drainage applications, such
33. Subsurface
14. Division 14 Conveying Systems as filters around under-drains or edge drains, or under
15. Division 15 Mechanical paving.
16. Division 16 Electrical (Geotextiles)
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those employed to protect cut slopes or drainage features.
34. Erosion control
When used in conjunction with a stone lining or riprap, they
Riprap (Rock
23. would serve a secondary function of separation.
DIV 02 SITEWORK
1.
2.
AASHTO
ANSI
American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials
American National Standards Institute
ct lining)
a constructed layer or facing of stone, placed to prevent
35.
(Geotextiles)
are exclusively those used for silt fence applications. While
Sediment control they serve the purpose of "filtering" runoff, the mechanism
by which they function is different than subsurface drainage
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3. ASTM American Society for Testing Materials erosion, scour or sloughing of a structure or embankment. or erosion control applications.
4. DPWH Dept. of Public Works and Highways particular thick-needled nonwoven geotextiles having
5. USCS Unified Soil Classification System 36. In-plane drainage sufficient in-plane flow capacity for use as flow conduits in
6. Boulders AASHTO particles size above 75mm drainage applications.
7. Gravel AASHTO particles size 75mm to No. 10 sieve
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37. Geomembranes are continuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable.
8. Coarse sand AASHTO particles size No. 10 to No. 40 sieve Geomembranes most frequently used for ground applications
9. Fine sand AASHTO particles size No. 40 to No. 200 sieve 38. 1. Theromoplastic products
10. Silt-Clay particles AASHTO particles size passing No. 200 sieve 24. Gabion system 2. Thermoset polymer
11. Atterberg limits Are tests performed on soils passing the No.40 sieve Theromoplastic Geomembranes manufactured from high-density
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39.
(Atterberg limits) products polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
is that moisture content at which a soil changes from the Thermoset Geomembrane, Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)
40.
12. Liquid limit (LL) liquid state to the plastic state, measured when soil in a polymer frequently used for membrane roofing applications
shallow dish flows to close a 12.5 mm groove after 25 drops consist of a combination of geosynthetic components; are
A
from 1 cm. Wire-enclosed riprap 41. Geocomposites usually sheet or edge drains consisting of a prefabricated
(Atterberg limits) Construction materials consisting of synthetic components core to which a geotextile filter is bonded.
25. Geosynthetics
the water content at which a silt or clay material will just made for use with or within earth materials is a type of geosynthetic that consists of a continuous
13. Plastic Limit (PL)
begin to crumble when rolled into a thread approx 3.2mm 42. Geonet extrusion of polymeric ribs that form void space through
(1/8 inch) in diameter. which provide in-plane flow capacity.
3
, SPECIFICATIONS & 16 DIVISIONS
are three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems The objective of this method is to attract the termite workers Advantages
ranging from 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 inches) high. The to forage on a slow-acting insect-growth regulator (IGR) For raising low spots when no other method will successfully
[,blank,] systems are collapsed for delivery to the site. Upon called hexaflumuronthat will work to eliminate the termite drain surface water
arrival at a site, they are spread open and filled to form a workers population and eventually result in the death of the
3. Grading by Fill
43. Geocells three-dimensional reinforced mattress. Colony Elimination queen and any subsequent future queens, and therefore the Disadvantages
51.
Originally developed to rapidly stabilize soft subgrades for (Bait) System entire colony. Possibility of settling especially for large areas
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mobilization of large equipment, they are now frequently The system employs baiting and monitoring devices, Erosion occurs more readily
used for protection and stabilization of steep slope surfaces installed where evidence of infestation is found: on the Cost of locating, acquiring, and transporting fill soil
and protective linings for channels ground outside the house, on walls, floors, ceilings inside the Advantages
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Three types of termite proofing house. Most economical Prevents the intro. Of foreign soils
1. Physical barriers Subgrade and base course materials Combining-cut-an
44. 4.
2. Chemical barriers 1. Borrow material d-fill Disadvantage
52.
3. Colony Elimination 2. Base course material Might not be possible to arrange spaces suitable to the
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Methods of physical barrier termite proofing 3. Choker aggregate users' needs
1. Termite resistant sand is a filter layer of finer material that is installed over a coarse average end area best suited for lineal construction such as roads, paths, and
45. 5.
2. Termite mesh road base material. Its purpose is to provide a stable method utility trenching
53. Choker course
3. Home construction foundation of fine-grained aggregate for the construction of a appropriate for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans
a layer of sand with uniform size particles. The sand must be pavement. Contour area and may also be used to compute volumes of water in ponds
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6.
large enough to prevent the termite from moving through it Paving and surfacing materials method and lakes. Mostly used by landscape architects because it is
Termite resistant
46. effectively and of a consistency that prevents its use in 54. 1. Concrete most accurate.
sand
"tunnel" construction. Sometimes used around the 2. Bituminous surfacing Borrow Pit
is appropriate for complex grading projects and urban
foundation of a home during construction. Types of bitumnous surfacing 7. Method/Grid
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conditions, i.e., excavation of buildings.
1. Hot mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete Method
55. 2. Cold mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete It is the top surface of lawns, planting beds, pavements, and
3. Asphaltic macadam 8. Finished Grade so on, and is normally designated by contours and spot
4. Asphalt overlay elevations on a grading plan.
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47. Termite mesh a dark brown to black cementitious material, solid or the top of the material on which the surface material such as
9. Subgrade
Hot mix asphalt or semi-solid, composed of bitumens which when mixed with topsoil and pavement (including base material) is placed.
steel mesh product that is fine enough to keep even tiny 56.
asphaltic concrete graded aggregates is used as paving material by placing, Compacted
termites from passing through it. Termite Mesh is used in 10. subgrade that must attain a specified density
shaping, and compacting while hot over a prepared base. subgrade
slab construction (concrete slabs are poured over or with the
is asphaltic concrete prepared with a relatively light and Undisturbed
mesh). It is also used to wrap pipes and other access areas. Cold mix asphalt
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slow-curing asphalt, placed over a prepared surface without 11. soil that has not been excavated or changed in any way
in particularly high-risk termite environments, homes are 57. or asphaltic subgrade
heat. This hardens to a state that is less firm and durable imported material (normally coarse or fine aggregate) that is
Home sometimes designed on high concrete pillars to physically concrete 12. Base/Subbase
48. than hot-mix asphaltic concrete. typically placed under pavements
49.
Construction separate the home from the distance termites can travel
from their colony.
The objective of this method is to establish a continuous
termiticide barrier or treated area between potential soil
Chemical barriers access routes and the structure to either kill or repel
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58.
Asphaltic
macadam
paving for roads and other surfaces formed by grading and
compacting layers of crushed stone or gravel, then the top
layer is bound by asphalt to stabilize the stone, provide a
smoother surface, and seal against water penetration.
13.
Finished Floor
Elevation
elevation of the first floor of a structure; the term may be
used to designate the elevation of any floor
top layer of a soil profile, which may range in thickness from
<1" to >12". Because of its high organic content, it is subject
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when one or more courses or layers of asphalt an asphalt 14. Topsoil
subterranean termites that attempt to reach the structure. A to decomposition and therefore is not appropriate subgrade
leveling course made of an asphalt and aggregate mixture of material for structure.
termiticide is a type of chemical used to control termites. 59. Asphalt overlay
variable thickness to correct the contour of existing surface, avoid moisture and structural problems, storm water must be
are almost always applied during construction, to the soil 15. Positive drainage
are placed on existing pavement. drained away from buildings. This is referred as?
and foundation. There are also termite resistant building
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products, from drywall to floor joists. These are often treated Legally, grades cannot be changed beyond the property
Pre-construction 16. True
50. with borates before use in home construction. lines of the site . True or false?
chemical barriers
Pre-construction applications must use enough insecticide GRADING/EARTHWORKS/SITE UTILITIES 17. False
New construction should not disturb the smallest area
(often 100 gallons or more) at a sufficient concentration to Involves the remodelling of existing land form to facilitate the possible to minimize erosion . True or false?
1. Grading Curved grades with gentle slopes are easier to create than
erect an adequate barrier. functions and circulation of the site.
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18. True
Advantages: are specific angular grades
Greater soil stability 19. 25 n general, slopes of greater than __% are considered unsafe
Erosion and settling are minimized Retaining walls over _ ft. in height are expensive requiring
20. 3 ft
2. Grading by cut reinforcing, gravel backfill, "weep holes" to relieve pressure
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Disadvantages Sources of water; wells, cisterns and surface catchments -
Disposal expense Low-Yield For small project requiring only a limited water supply, there
21.
Loss of topsoil resulting in exposure of non-fertile soils Systems are several possible sources, including wells, springs,
cisterns, and surface impoundments (or catchments).
4
