BIO 436 CV Dynamics Mini Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 436
Institution
BIO 436
Cardiac output (CO) heart rate * stroke volume (HR x SV) Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume.
End diastolic volume (EDV) The maximum amount of blood in the ventricles occurs at the end ...
BIO 436 CV Dynamics Mini Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
Cardiac output (CO) ✅heart rate * stroke volume
(HR x SV)
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute.
Cardiac output is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume.
End diastolic volume (EDV) ✅The maximum amount of blood in the ventricles
occurs at the end of ventricular relaxation (diastole- heart chamber fills)
stretches sarcomeres back to ideal resting length
~135 mL
Stroke volume (SV) ✅amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles
SV = EDV- ESV
Factors that affect:
-preload
-contractility
-afterload
Myocardium ✅the muscular tissue of the heart
End systolic volume (ESV) ✅minimum amount of blood in the ventricles after
contraction
~65 mL
Semilunar valve ✅aortic and pulmonary valves
Bicuspid/mitral valve ✅Left AV valve
Tricuspid valve ✅Right AV valve
Cardiac cycle ✅mechanically whats happening with the heart
1. all chambers are at rest (late diastole; passive filling)
2. atrial systole (active filling)
3. IVC (AV Valves close "lub")
4. Ventricular ejection
5. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (Semilunar Valves close dub")
Ventricular systole ✅during which the ventricles are pumping (or ejecting) blood out of
the heart through the aorta and the pulmonary veins. (contraction of heart)
, Isovolumetric contraction ✅first phase of ventricular contraction pushes AV valves
closed, but does not create enough pressure to open semilunar valves
Isovolumetric relaxation ✅as ventricles relax, pressure in ventricles drops, blood flows
back into cups of semilunar valves and snaps them closed.
Ventricular ejection ✅as ventricular pressure rises and exceeds pressure in the
arteries, the semilunar valves open and blood is ejected
Pulmonary artery ✅carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary vein ✅carries oxygenated blood back to the L atria from the lungs
Frank-Starling law of the heart ✅the more blood that is put into the heart, the more
blood is ejected
due to sarcomere ideal resting length
(a) is state of myocardial sarcomeres just before filling
- Actins overlap, actin-myosin interactions are reduced & contraction would be weak
• In (b, c & d) there is increasing interaction of actin & myosin allowing more force to be
developed
Venous return ✅Is return of blood to heart via veins
Controls EDV & thus SV & CO
Dependent on:
- Blood volume &
venous pressure
- Vasoconstriction of VEINS caused by Symp
- Skeletal muscle pumps
- Pressure drop during inhalation
Resistance vessels ✅A resistance artery is small diameter blood vessel in the
microcirculation that contributes significantly to the creation of the resistance to flow and
regulation of blood flow.
Vasoconstriction ✅-Contraction of the smooth muscle of the blood vessel, results in
decreased blood vessel radius
Increase NE on
-Alpha Receptor
Decrease NE on
-Beta Receptor
Vasodilation ✅Decrease NE on
-Alpha Receptor
Increase NE on
-Beta Receptor
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