Exam (elaborations)
Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / All Chapters 1 - 28
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / All Chapters 1 - 28
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / All Chapters 1 - 28
-
Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / All Chapters 1 - 28
-
Test Bank for Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / All Chapters 1 - 28 / Full Complete 2024 Update
Seller
Follow
phinta004
Reviews received
Content preview
Test Bank for Organic Chemistry 8th Edition Bruice / AllChapters 1 - / All Chapters with Answers
and Rationals
conformation - ANSWER: the three dimensional shape of a molecule at a given instant that can
change as a result of rotation about sigma bonds
conformational analysis - ANSWER: The investigation of the various conformations of a compound
and their relative stabilities, their energy.
conformer - ANSWER: different conformations of a molecule
constitutional isomers - ANSWER: molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the
way the atoms are connected
cycloalkane - ANSWER: an alkane in which carbon chain arranged in a closed ring
1,3-diaxial interaction - ANSWER: The interaction between an axial substituent and the other two axial
substituents on the same side of the cyclohexane ring.
dipole-dipole interaction - ANSWER: Type of intermolecular force in which opposite poles of
neighboring dipole molecules are drawn together; an interaction between the dipole of one molecule
and the dipole of another molecule.
eclipsed conformation - ANSWER: Occurs when substituents are directly aligned, causing substantial
repulsion between the substituents and an unfavorable conformation. Also called cis-conformation; a
conformation in which the bonds on adjacent carbons are aligned as viewed looking down the
carbon-carbon bond.
equatorial bond - ANSWER: a bond of the chair form of cyclohexane that juts out from the ring in
approximately the same plane that contains the chair
ether - ANSWER: organic molecule that contains an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms, R-O-R
flagpole hydrogen - ANSWER: also known as: transannular hydrogens- the two hydrogens in the boat
conformation of cyclohexane that are closest to each other.
functional group - ANSWER: the center of the reactivity in a molecule; specific cluster of atoms
attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules that enters into reactions and behaves in a
predictable way
gauche conformer - ANSWER: a staggered conformer in which the largest substituents bonded to the
two carbons are gauche to each other; that is, they have a dihedral angle of approximately 60 degrees
angle strain - ANSWER: Five and six membered rings are more stable than three or four, which results
when bond angles deviate from the ideal bond angle of 109.5 degrees.
geometric isomers - ANSWER: same formulas, same bonds, different orientation
They have the same molecular formula and the same order of attachment but a different orientation
in space that CANNOT be overcome by rotation around a sigma bond.
half-chair conformation - ANSWER: the least stable conformation of cyclohexane
, heat of formation - ANSWER: The change in energy when one mole of a compound is formed from its
components under standard state conditions. When it is negative, energy is released when it is
formed.
homolog - ANSWER: a member of a homologous series
homologous series - ANSWER: a family of compounds in which each member differs from the one
before in the series by one methylene (CH2) group
hydrocarbon - ANSWER: A compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen
hydrogen bond - ANSWER: The intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded
to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another
molecule; usually strong dipole-dipole attraction 5kcal/mol between a hydrogen bonded to O, N, or F
and the non-bonding electrons or O, N, or F of another molecule.
hyperconjugation - ANSWER: delocalization of electrons by overlap of carbon-hydrogen or carbon-
carbon sigma bonds with an empty p orbital
induced-dipole-induced-dipole interaction - ANSWER: an interaction between a temporary dipole in
one molecule and the dipole that the temporary dipole induces in another molecule. Also called
London Dispersion and sometimes called van der Waals forces;
the "random chance" if a partial negative and partial positive can be created
IUPAC nomenclature - ANSWER: The international system of rules for naming chemical compounds;,
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
melting point - ANSWER: the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. Overall, melting point
increases as the molecular weight increases.
Packing influences the mp.
methylene (CH2) group - ANSWER: a CH2 group
Newman projection - ANSWER: represent the three-dimeensional spatial arrangements resulting from
rotation about a sigma bond. The projection assumes that the viewer is looking along the longitudinal
axis of a particular C-C bond. the carbon in front is represented by a point; where three lines are seen
to intersect; and the carbon in the back is represented by a circle; The three lines emanating from
each of the carbons represent its other bonds.
packing - ANSWER: is a property that determines how well the individual molecules in a solid fit
together in a crystal lattice; the tighter the fit the more energy is required to break the lattice and
melt the compound.
parent hydrocarbon - ANSWER: the longest continuous carbon chain in a molecule and their
substituents are listed in alphabetical order, with a number to designate their position on the chain.
perspective formula - ANSWER: a method of representing the spatial arrangement of groups bonded
to an asymmetric center. Two bonds are drawn in the plane of the paper; a solid wedge is used to
depict a bond that projects out of the plane of the paper toward the viewer, and a hatched wedge is
used to represent a bond that projects back from the paper away from the viewer.
polarizability - ANSWER: indicates the ease with which an electron cloud of an atom can be distorted;
larger atoms are more polarizable.
primary alcohol - ANSWER: an alcohol in which the OH group is bonded to a primary carbon,
OH is attached to an end carbon of an alkyl
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller phinta004. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50843 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now