Exam (elaborations)
2024 NUR 2063 - EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063 - EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063 - EXAM 2 WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Develops
because of a reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs. Inflamed tissue
creates abdominal tenderness and pain that worsen with movement
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Intestinal Obstruction
Chronic bacterial prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Usually results from
recurrent urinary tract infection
Relatively uncommon
Persists longer than 3 months
Indolent (causes little to no pain)
Defense mechanism against urinary pathogens - CORRECT ANSWERS-The
disappearance of bacteria from the normal urinary bladder is apparently a
function of two host defense mechanisms: the mechanical clearance of
organisms by voiding, and the antibacterial activity of the bladder wall.
Characteristics of normal bladder function - CORRECT ANSWERS-The bladder
stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled. The bladder
is lined by layers of muscle tissue that stretch to hold urine. The normal
capacity of the bladder is 400-600 mL. During urination, the bladder muscles
squeeze, and two sphincters (valves) open to allow urine to flow out
Clinical manifestations of bladder cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-Painless
hematuria (gross or microscopic)
Abnormal urine color (dark, rusty, or brown)
Frequency
Dysuria
Urge incontinence
Nocturia
UTIs
Back, abdominal, or pelvic pain
Anemia
The cause of Hiatal Hernia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs when a section of
the stomach protrudes upward through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm
toward the thoracic cavity. The hiatus develops from weakening of the
diaphragm muscle, frequently resulting from increased intrathoracic
, pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or straining to defecate) or increased
intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and obesity). Other causes of a
hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Antibiotics
destroy some of these bacteria, which allow other types to grow too much. In
some cases, antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called Clostridioides
difficile to grow too much. This can lead to severe, watery, and often bloody
diarrhea called pseudomembranous colitis
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-Develops because of
an imbalance between destructive forces (e.g., excess acid production) and
protective mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus production) induced by a
secondary process rather than an innate defect. The most common causes of
peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Alcoholism
Define Intussusception - CORRECT ANSWERS-Telescoping of a portion of the
intestine into another portion
Cause of Heartburn - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs when the lower esophageal
sphincter relaxes, allowing the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into
the esophagus. The most common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—
like citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and
peppermint. Spicy foods or large meals can also be the root of distress.
Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or ibuprofen, as well as some
sedatives and blood pressure medications.
Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Colon
narrowed by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces, Inflammation,
Telescoping of ileum inside adjacent section of colon, Blood vessels drawn in
between layers and compressed, and Ileum appendix
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cholelithiasis
Hepatitis A-E - CORRECT ANSWERS-See notes
Cleft Lip and Palate - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cleft lip and palate are birth
defects that occur when soft tissues of the lip or mouth do not form properly.
Cleft lip and palate may occur either together or separately. These
conditions usually develop in the second month of pregnancy, when the
fetus's facial structures are forming. Every year in the United States,
approximately 2,650 babies are born with cleft palate and approximately
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