RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
II II II II II
ByMary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
I II II II
, TABLEOF CONTENT I II
Chapter1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Chapter 2. Radiation: Types,Sources, and Doses Received
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II Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter4. Radiation Quantitiesand Units Chapter
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II 5. Radiation Monitoring
II II
Chapter 6. Overviewof Cell Biology
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Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapter
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9. Stochastic Effectsand Late Tissue Reactionsof Radiation in Organ Systems
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Chapter10. Dose Limitsfor Exposureto Ionizing Radiation Chapter
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II 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12. Managementof Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray
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II Procedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in ComputedTomography and Mammography
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II Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During
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II Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures II II
Chapter15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection I I II I I II I I
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography,I I I I II II I I I I 9th Edition I I
MULTIPLE CHOICE I I
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include II II II II I I II
1. creation of unstable atoms. II II I I
2. production of free electrons. II II II
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable ofproducing
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substances poisonous to the cell.
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4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
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5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
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6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. II II II II
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only II II II II II
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only II II II II II
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only II II II II II
d. All the options II II
ANS: I I D
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
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particles byremoving orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it
II II I I I II I I II II II II II II I I II
passes?
II
a. Ionizing radiation I I
b. Nonionizing radiation II
c. Subatomic radiation I I
d. Ultrasonic radiation II
ANS: I I A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
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medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
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a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia
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II they may have. II II
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asmall
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II chance of biologic damage. II II I I
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic II II II II II II II II II II II II
II damage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance ofpossible II II II II II II I I II II II II II I
II biologic damage. I I
ANS: I I D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
II I I II II II
a. 1/10 of a sievert. II II II
b. 1/100 of a sievert. II II II
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. II II II
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. II II II
ANS: I I C
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
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1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
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3. BERT provides an answer that is easyfor the patient to comprehend.
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a. 1 and 2 only II II II
b. 1 and 3 only II II II
c. 2 and 3 only II II II
d. All the options II II
ANS: D II
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive
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from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond byusing an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received II I II II I I II II II II II I I
from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject. II II II II II I I II
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
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d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the
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referring physician.
II I I
ANS: A II
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging
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procedures always follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to
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accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.
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b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. II I I
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,
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a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this
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disease. II
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals II I I I II II II II II II II II
would have a chance of developing this disease.
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ANS: C II
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options II II
ANS: D II
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
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hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
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and maintenance of the ALARA program?
I I II I I II II II
a. Assistant administrator of the facility I I I I II II
b. Chief of staff II II
c. Radiation Safety Officer II II
d. Student radiologic technologist II I I
ANS: C II
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during aspecific
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x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
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1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by apatient.
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3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
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a. 1 and 2 only II II II
b. 1 and 3 only II II II
c. 2 and 3 only II II II
d. All the options II II
ANS: A II
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B II
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
II II II II II II I I II II II I I I I II II
a. Coulomb per kilogram II II
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A II
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
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need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used
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for both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
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a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration II II II II
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