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CPH Lab: Communicable disease questions well answered to pass
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CPH Lab: Communicable disease questions well answered to pass
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CPH Lab: Communicable diseaseHyperendemic - correct answer ✔✔Expresses that the disease is constantly present at high incidence
and/or prevalence at high effects all age groups equally
Holoendemic - correct answer ✔✔expresses a high level of infection beginning early in life and affecting
most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows
evidence of the disease much less commonly than do the children (e.g., malaria)
Pandemic - correct answer ✔✔an endemic usually affecting a large proportion of the population,
occurring over a wide geographic area such as a section of a nation, the entire nation, a continent or the
world, e.g. influenza pandemics
Exotic - correct answer ✔✔disease are those which are imported into a country in which they do not
otherwise occur, as for example, rabies in UK
Sporadic - correct answer ✔✔"scattered about"
The cases occur irregularly, haphazardly from time to time, and generally infrequently. The cases are few
and separated wide in time and place that they show no or little connection with each other, nor a
recognizable common source of infection e.g., polio, meningoccal meningitis, tetanus...
however, _______ disease could be the starting point of an epidemic when the conditions are favorable
for its spread
Attack rates - correct answer ✔✔the proportion of non-immune exposed individuals who become
clinically ill
Primary case (index case) - correct answer ✔✔the person who comes into and infects a population is...
Secondary case - correct answer ✔✔those who subsequently contract the infection are...
, Waves or Generation - correct answer ✔✔Secondary case/further spread is described as _________ or
_________
Zoonosis - correct answer ✔✔is an infection that is transmissible under natural conditions from
vertebrate animals to man, e.g. rabies, plague, bovine tuberculosis...
Epizootic - correct answer ✔✔is an outbreak (epidemic) of disease in an animal population, e.g. rift
valley fever
Enzootic - correct answer ✔✔is an endemic occurring in animals, e.g. bovine TB
Nosocomial infection - correct answer ✔✔(hospital acquired) is an infection originating in a patient while
in a hospital or another health care facility.
It has to a new disorder unrelated to the patient's primary condition.
Examples include infection of surgical wounds, hepatitis B and urinary tract infection
Opportunistic infection - correct answer ✔✔this is infection by organisms that take the opportunity
provided by a defect in host defense (e.g. immunity) to infect the host and thus cause disease.
For example, opportunistic infections are very common in AIDS. Organisms include Herpes simplex,
cytomegalovirus, M. tuberculosis
Eradication - correct answer ✔✔termination of all transmission of infection by the extermination of the
infectious agent through surveillance and containment.
___________ is an absolute process, an "all or none" phenomenon, restricted to termination of infection
from the whole world.
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