TEST BANK For Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology
Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 3rd
Edition By Theresa Capriotti, All 42 Chapters Covered,
Verified Latest Edition
Anything that is considered non-self is what? - ANSWER An antigen (foreigner)
Immunity is defined as: - ANSWER The way the body defends itself against
injurious agents in the environment
Immune Response is aimed to protect cells from ____________ - ANSWER
Injurious agents (Antigens)
Innate immunity refers to natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as
a___________ - ANSWER First Line of defense
Anatomic barriers, Processes within the GI tract, Normal flora, Bodily Fluids &
Phagocytic cells - ANSWER Components of Innate Immunity
Anatomical Barriers consist of ________ - ANSWER 1. Nasal epithelium(consist of
mucus producing cells and hair that traps inhaled substances)
2. intact skin prevents infection
3. mucus membrane
Phagocytic cells engulf and ingest __________ - ANSWER microorganisms and
other noxious substances
macrophages and neutrophils - ANSWER Types of phagocytic cells
1. Saliva: Pathogens are weakened by the enzymes and antibacterial properties in
the saliva.
2. Gastric juices: Destroys pathogens with HCL - ANSWER Processes within the GI
tract
Normal Flora is ______________ that live in symbiosis with the body - ANSWER
Natural bacteria colonies
C-diff or C-diff colitis is caused by - ANSWER Abuse or misuse or antibacterials
____________________is when the normal flora in the gut is destroyed - ANSWER
C-diff infection (Clostridium Difficle)
Vancomycin - ANSWER used to treat c. difficile. Must be taken orally for it to reach
the gut.
, Stool Transplant - ANSWER Transplanting stool from a healthy person to the colon
of a patient with repeat c.difficile infection has been shown to successfully treat c.diff.
Tears (flushes pathogens from the eyes)
Sweat (acts as an antibacterial on the skin)
Urine (its acidity eliminates antigens from the genitourinary tract) - ANSWER Bodily
Secretions
The inflammatory reaction begins within seconds and can last ___________ -
ANSWER minutes to days
__________________ is activated when the innate immunity is inadequate -
ANSWER Adaptive immune system
Adaptive Immunity is ______________ - ANSWER More specific
Adapative immunity______________, _______________, and develop memory for
that specific antigen. - ANSWER recognize an antigen, and target the specific
antigen
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allows the body to ________________ - ANSWER
distinguish between self from non-self. Antigens that belong to the host vs antigens
that are from an invader
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) aka - ANSWER Major Histocompatibility
complexes (MHCs)
B lymphocytes (humoral immunity) mature within the - ANSWER Bone marrow,
spleen, and lymph nodes
After exposure to an antigen _______________mature into plasma cells and
memory B cells - ANSWER B-cells
Plasma cells produce? - ANSWER immunoglobulins
aka antibodies which attacks the antigens
Memory B-cells stay in the ______________ in preparation for subsequent antigen
exposure - ANSWER Lymph nodes
M, G, A, E, D - ANSWER Ig M
Ig G
Ig A
Ig E
Ig D
Ig G - ANSWER Antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial; can cross the placenta to the baby
Ig A - ANSWER Body secretion (saliva, breastmilk etc)
Ig M - ANSWER Natural antibodies for blood antigen (ABO)
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