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AC-HPAT CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AC-HPAT CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AC-HPAT CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSdouble-displacement reaction - Answers -A double displacement reaction, also known
as a double replacement reaction or metathesis, is a type of chemical reaction where
two compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the
two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products
Precipitate - Answers -precipitate is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid
solution. The emergence of the insoluble solid from solution is called precipitation. Often
the precipitate emerges as a suspension. Precipitates can form when two soluble salts
react in solution to form one or more insoluble products.
Energy Levels - Answers -Energy levels (also called electron shells) are fixed distances
from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found. As you go farther from the
nucleus, electrons at higher energy levels have more energy. Electrons in the outermost
energy level of an atom are called valence electrons
Marquis Test - Answers -The Marquis Test is commonly used for Ecstasy testing as
MDMA turns the precipitate purple black. Cobalt thiocyanate is used to test for cocaine.
The Cobalt is mixed with the questionable substance, then drowned in hydrochloric
acid, doused in chloroform, and shaken.
What is the relation between an atomic number and a mass number? - Answers -Atomic
number is actually the number of protons in an atom while mass number is the number
of nucleons i. e, number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Isotopes - Answers -Isotopes refer to the nuclides of a certain element that have
different numbers of neutrons, or in other words, atomic nuclei that have the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. A radioisotope is an isotope that is
unstable and therefore undergoes radioactive decay or will at some point.
Chemical Synthesis - Answers -Chemical synthesis, the construction of complex
chemical compounds from simpler ones. It is the process by which many substances
important to daily life are obtained. It is applied to all types of chemical compounds, but
most syntheses are of organic molecules.
Decomposition - Answers -A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in
which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds.
These reactions often involve an energy source such as heat, light, or electricity that
breaks apart the bonds of compounds
single-displacement reaction - Answers -A single-displacement reaction, also known as
a single-replacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction where an element reacts
with a compound and takes the place of another element in that compound. This type of
reaction is typically pictured like this: Here, A replaces B in the compound BC
, Flame test - Answers -flame test is an analytical procedure used in chemistry to detect
the presence of certain elements, primarily metal ions, based on each element's
characteristic emission spectrum. The color of flames in general also depends on
temperature; see flame color.
Precipitation reaction - Answers -A precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an
insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined. The insoluble
salt that falls out of solution is known as the precipitate, hence the reaction's name.
Precipitation reactions can help determine the presence of various ions in solution.
organic compounds - Answers -An organic compound is a substance that is added to a
product, like food, to improve some qualities such as taste, smell, colour and texture.
These substances can be both positive and negative for human health.
Synthetic materials - Answers -Synthetic materials which are by-products of petroleum
are non-biodegradable, synthetic products take a long time to decompose, creating
long-term pollution. Nylon is hard to recycle, making them hard to decompose,
accumulate landfills more. Polyesters are easy to recycle, which makes them less
harmful to the society.
Electronegativity - Answers -Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom
to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used.
Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values
range down to caesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7.
Covalent bonds - Answers -Covalent bonds are chemical bonds between two non-metal
atoms. An example is water, where hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) bond together to
make (H2O). A full outer shell usually has eight electrons, or two in the case of
hydrogen or helium. ... Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing valence electrons.
Functional Group - Answers -The functional group is defined as an atom or group of
atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the organic
compound and are the centers for chemical reactivity. Compounds having a similar
functional group have undergone similar reactions.
unique characteristics of the carbon atom in terms of covalent bonding - Answers -
Because each carbon is identical, they all have four valence electrons, so they can
easily bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings. In fact, a carbon atom
can bond with another carbon atom two or three times to make double and triple
covalent bonds between two carbon atoms.
Alkenes - Answers -Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing only carbon
and hydrogen) unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
Another term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are more reactive than
alkanes due to the presence of the double bond
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