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WOCN Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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WOCN Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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WOCNonychorrhexis - Answer -narrow parallel grooves from the nail base to free nail border
transverse lines (Beau's Lines) - Answer -usually caused by systemic disease resulting in temporary
interruption of nail production
onychoschizia - Answer -splitting of the nail plate into layers. Distal splitting usually relate to
overhydration, aging, exposure to chemicals
clubbing - Answer -excess curvature of nail from front to back and side to side usually due to chronic
hypoxiz
koilonychia - Answer -spoon-shaped nails (nail is adherent to nail bed but the free edges of the nail curl
up and away from the nail bed
trumpet or pincer nail - Answer -disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around and compress
the underlying skin to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the free edge
tile-shaped nails or c-shaped nails - Answer -nails that curve down at edges, usually symmetrical. severe
c-shaped nails increase the risk of ingrown nails
plicatured nails - Answer -one or both sides of the nail curve downward into the soft tissue of the
surrounding nail folds, resulting in ingrown nails
,pterygium - Answer -abnormal adherence of eponychium or hyponychium to nail
callous of hyponychium - Answer -callus formation that obscures the free nail border, usually due to
poorly fitting footwear causing repetitive friction
splinter hemorrhages - Answer -bleeding that occurs between the nail bed and the nail plate as a result
of trauma to the wound bed. No treatment is required; it will grow out
subungual hematoma - Answer -clot that forms between the nail bed and the nail plate due to trauma.
May cause severe pain, which is relieved by drainage of the hematoma
onychomadesis - Answer -separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail matrix at the proximal
end of the nail. usually due to local injury or infection or to severe illness.
onycholysis - Answer -separation of the nail from the nail bed beginning at the distal end of the nail. may
be caused by shoe trauma and most likely to be caused by fungal infection
onychomycosis (tinea unguium) - Answer -fungal infection of the nail; usually begins along the nail
margins and under the free border.
leukonychia mycotica - Answer -fungal infection of the superficial nail plate; usually causes white
discoloration of the nail
fungal infection treatment - Answer -Vicks Vaporub or other menthol product, Clear Nails, Tea Tree Oil,
or Fungoid Tincture
paronychia - Answer -inflammation of the nail fold from trauma such as ingrown nails. Acute causes
purulent drainage and chronic has no purulence.
onychocryptosis - Answer -ingrown nail
, subungual keratoma - Answer -buildup of calloused tissue under the nail plate, most commonly due to
shoes that fit poorly but also seen with thickened nails and ingrown nails. Must remove the callus with
scalpel to relieve the pressure.
subungual melanoma - Answer -malignancy involving the nail. may present as a brown or black band or
spot in the nail itself or spreading from under the nail to the surrounding skin
calcaneus - Answer -heel bone
distal interphalangeal joint - Answer -joint between middle and distal phalanges
eponychium - Answer -Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area
(cuticle)
free nail border - Answer -top edge of nail plate where it separates from the nail bed
Hyponychium - Answer -border between distal nail place and the underlying nail bed
malleolus - Answer -the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
Metatarsals - Answer -foot bones
metatarsophalangeal joint - Answer -articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the
proximal phalanx bone of a toe
nail bed - Answer -layer of epithelium that interlocks with nail plate to promote tight adherence
between nail bed and overlying nail plate
nail folds - Answer -Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
Nail grooves - Answer -Slits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
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