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PHGY 216 Module 2 Exam Latest Update
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PHGY 216 Module 2 Exam LatestUpdate
What does successful sexual reproduction depend on? - Answer the union of male and
female gametes in order to form a new individual with a full set of chromosomes
What is the purpose of male and female reproductive systems? - Answer producing
gametes and are designed for allowing the union of male and female gametes
What are the primary reproductive organs called? - Answer gonads
What are the male gonads? - Answer testes
What are the female gonads? - Answer ovaries
What is the reproductive tract? - Answer it allows for the transport of gametes after they
are produced
What is the function of accessory sex glands? - Answer they release supportive
secretions into the reproductive tract
What is the externally visible part of the reproductive system? - Answer external
genitalia
What are the 2 male reproductive functions? - Answer - the production of sperm
- the delivery of sperm to the female
What are sperm and where are they produced? - Answer sperm are the gamete cells of
the male reproductive system and they are produced in the testes
There are the testes located? - Answer the testes are found outside the abdominal
cavity suspended in the scrotum
How are sperm delivered to the female? - Answer - sperm exit the testes through the
male reproductive tract and are suspended in secretions from the accessory sex
glands, the seminal vesicles, the prostate glands and the bulbourethral gland
- these secretions are critical for sperm viability and for the delivery of sperm to the
female reproductive tract via the penis
What are the 6 female reproductive functions? - Answer - the production of ova
- reception of sperm
- transport of ovum and sperm to a common site for fertilization
- maintenance of the developing fetus
,- birth of the baby
- nourishing the baby by milk production
Where are ova produced? - Answer ova or eggs are produced in the ovaries and
individual ova undergo cyclical maturation
Where is sperm received? - Answer the reception of sperm occurs in the vagina which is
a muscular tube that connects the uterus, via the cervical canal to the external
environment
How is an ovum and sperm transported to a common site for fertilization? - Answer The
ova leaves the ovaries and move into the Fallopian tubes where they can be fertilized by
sperm that have travelled from the vagina through the cervical canal into the uterus and
ultimately into the fallopian tubes
Where is the developing fetus maintained? - Answer within the uterus for 9 months
during pregnancy
What is birth of the baby also referred to as? - Answer parturition
What is nourishing the baby by milk production also referred to as? - Answer lactation
What is sexual differentiation? - Answer the embryonic development of both the external
genitalia and reproductive tract
What are the 3 levels sexual differentiation occurs at? - Answer genetic, gonadal and
phenotypic
How is genetic sex determined? - Answer by the combination of sex chromosomes at
conception
How are gametes produced? - Answer produced via meiosis, in which a diploid parent
cell divides to produce haploid gamete cells (sperm and ova)
What kinds of sex chromosomes do sperm carry? - Answer half carry Y, half carry X
What kinds of sex chromosomes do ova carry? - Answer all carry X
What is the combination of sex chromosomes for a female? - Answer XX
What is the combination of sex chromosomes for a male? - Answer XY
What does gonadal sex depend on? - Answer genetic sex
What does phenotypic sex depend on? - Answer gonadal sex
What is gonadal sex? - Answer determined by the presence or absence of a Y
chromosome
How long are the reproductive systems of male and female reproductive systems
, identical? - Answer first 6 weeks of gestation
What occurs around week 7 of gestation? - Answer the sex determining region of the Y
chromosome (SRY) stimulates the production of H-Y antigen which acts on the gonads
to differentiate into testes
What happens in the absence of H-Y antigen? - Answer the gonads differentiate into
ovaries
What is phenotypic sex? - Answer this is the apparent anatomical sex of an individual
and is dependent upon the gonadal sex
What occurs to phenotypic sex in the presence of androgens? - Answer male type
reproductive systems are developed
What occurs to phenotypic sex in the absence of androgens? - Answer female
reproductive system
What are the 2 primitive duct systems in the undifferentiated embryo? - Answer Wolffian
and Mullerian ducts
What are the Wolffian ducts? - Answer - the placenta secretes hCG
- if the testes are present, hCG stimulates them to produce and secrete testosterone
- testosterone will then stimulate the Wolffian ducts to develop into the male
reproductive system
- testosterone is also converted to dihydrotestosterone which is responsible for the
development of male external genitalia
What do the testes secrete during sexual differentiation? - Answer the testes secrete
Mullerian-inhibiting factor which causes the degradation of the Mullerian ducts
What are the Mullerian ducts? - Answer - in the absence of testosterone, the Wolffian
ducts degrade and the Mullerian ducts develop into the female reproductive tract and
external genitalia
What is sexual differentiation dependent on? - Answer the presence or absence of
testosterone because the developing embryo is exposed to high levels of female sex
hormones throughout gestation
What happens if a genetic male whose testes fail to develop or target tissues lack
testosterone receptors? - Answer an apparent phenotypic female that is sterile due to
lack of ovaries
What happens if there is a deficiency in the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT? -
Answer an individual having a male reproductive tract with female genitalia
What happens to a genetic female with excessive adrenal secretion of DHEA during fetal
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