Biology 114 Exam 4 (Answered) 114 Questions and
Correct Answers With Verified Solution. Latest
Updated Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct.
Virus
is an infectious particle consisting of
genes packaged in a protein coat
Capsid
protein shell that encloses a viral genome, may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex shape
Viral Envelopes
a membrane, derived from membranes of the host cell, that cloaks the capsid, which in turn encloses a
viral genome
Bacteriophages
a virus that infects bacteria, also called a phage
Host Range
the limited number of species whose cells can be infected by a particular virus
Lytic Cycle
a type of phage replicative cycle resulting in the release of a new phages by lysis and the death of the
host cell
Virulent Phage
a phage that replicates only by lytic cycle.
Lysogenic Cycle
a type of phage replicative cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host
chromosome as a prophage, is replicated along with the chromosome, and does not kill the host cell.
Temperate Phage
a phage that is capable of replicating by either lytic or lysogenic cycle
Prophage
a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome
Restirction Enzyme
, An endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium (such
as a phage genomes), the enzyme cuts a specific nucleotide sequences called restriction sites
Retrovirus
an RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into cellular
chromosomes
Reverse Transcriptase
an enzyme encoded by certain viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis
Provirus
a viral genome that is permanently inserted into a host genome
Vaccine
a harmless variant of derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount
defenses against the pathogen
Epidemic
a widespread outbreak of a disease
Pandemic
a global epidemic
Prion
an infectious agent that is a misfolded version of a normal cellular protein, appear to increase in number
by converting correctly folded versions of the protein to more prions
Viroids
small circular RNA molecules that
infect plants and disrupt their growth
DNA Technology
techniques for sequencing and manipulating DNA
Biotechnology
the manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
the base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to the complementary sequence on a strand from
another nucleic acid molecule.
Genetic Engineering
the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
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