NURS 334 Week 3 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
What are examples of cations? ✅Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca++)
Magnesium (Mg++)
Hydrogen (H+)
What are examples of anions? ✅chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate
What is the normal intake in a day? ✅2,500 mL/day
What causes a shift of H2O from IVF to ISF? ✅-elevated venous hydrostatic pressure
-decreased plasma oncotic pressure
-elevated interstitial oncotic pressure
-obstruction of lymph outflow
What causes a shift of H2O from ISF to IVF? ✅-increased IVF oncotic pressure
-increased ISF hydrostatic pressure
What causes the movement of fluid across the cell and capillary membranes? ✅-
osmosis
-diffusion
-filtration
-active transport
What are examples of solutes? ✅crystalloids, colloids
What are examples of solvents? ✅component of solute that can dissolve a solute
What is a normal osmolarity? ✅275-295 mOsm/kg
What is the equation for serum osmolarity? ✅(2 x serum sodium) + (Glucose level / 18)
What does hypotonic mean? ✅higher osmolarity than body fluids
What does hypertonic mean? ✅lower osmolarity than body fluids
What does osmotic pressure do? ✅pulls fluid from interstitial space back into
intravascular space = increasing circulating volume
, _____ creates _______ concentration of protein in intravascular plasma exerting
______ pressure in _______ end capillary = ________ fluid to circulatory system
✅albumin, higher, osmotic, venous, returning
Plasma protein osmotic function _______ fluid balance between interstitial and
intravascular spaces ✅maintains
What is osmotic diuresis? ✅-increased intravascular volume d/t shifts of fluids from
interstitial space to intravascular space = increased blood volume to kidneys =
increased urine output
-can also be d/t body's effort to remove high levels of glucose
How does hyperglycemia affect osmotic diuresis? ✅increased osmotic pressure within
renal tubules = decreased reabsorption of water back into intravascular fluid
Why does the rate of diffusion vary? ✅-size of molecule
-concentration of solution
-temp of solution
What is diffusion? ✅-movement of molecules from area of higher concentration to
lower concentration
-occurs as a result of membrane transport system
What is filtration? ✅-movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane
-hydrostatic pressure exerted on walls of blood vessels by fluids (closed system)
-from area of higher pressure to lower pressure
-examples: glomerular filtration system in kidneys, arterial end of capillaries
What is active transport? ✅-ion/molecule moves across concentration gradient and
requires energy
-from less concentration solute to more concentration solute
-metabolic energy expenditure
-example: sodium-potassium pump (higher sodium in ECF, higher potassium in ICF)
What are regulators of fluid balance? ✅-thirst
-electrolytes: sodium promotes water retention
-protein and albumin: promote fluid retention
-hormones and enzymes
-antidiuretic hormone: promotes water reabsorption from renal tubules
-aldosterone: promotes sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption from renal tubules
-renin: promotes release of aldosterone
-lymphatics: promote return of water and protein from interstitial to vascular space
-skin: exertion of water
-lungs: exertion of water
Correct Answers
What are examples of cations? ✅Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca++)
Magnesium (Mg++)
Hydrogen (H+)
What are examples of anions? ✅chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate
What is the normal intake in a day? ✅2,500 mL/day
What causes a shift of H2O from IVF to ISF? ✅-elevated venous hydrostatic pressure
-decreased plasma oncotic pressure
-elevated interstitial oncotic pressure
-obstruction of lymph outflow
What causes a shift of H2O from ISF to IVF? ✅-increased IVF oncotic pressure
-increased ISF hydrostatic pressure
What causes the movement of fluid across the cell and capillary membranes? ✅-
osmosis
-diffusion
-filtration
-active transport
What are examples of solutes? ✅crystalloids, colloids
What are examples of solvents? ✅component of solute that can dissolve a solute
What is a normal osmolarity? ✅275-295 mOsm/kg
What is the equation for serum osmolarity? ✅(2 x serum sodium) + (Glucose level / 18)
What does hypotonic mean? ✅higher osmolarity than body fluids
What does hypertonic mean? ✅lower osmolarity than body fluids
What does osmotic pressure do? ✅pulls fluid from interstitial space back into
intravascular space = increasing circulating volume
, _____ creates _______ concentration of protein in intravascular plasma exerting
______ pressure in _______ end capillary = ________ fluid to circulatory system
✅albumin, higher, osmotic, venous, returning
Plasma protein osmotic function _______ fluid balance between interstitial and
intravascular spaces ✅maintains
What is osmotic diuresis? ✅-increased intravascular volume d/t shifts of fluids from
interstitial space to intravascular space = increased blood volume to kidneys =
increased urine output
-can also be d/t body's effort to remove high levels of glucose
How does hyperglycemia affect osmotic diuresis? ✅increased osmotic pressure within
renal tubules = decreased reabsorption of water back into intravascular fluid
Why does the rate of diffusion vary? ✅-size of molecule
-concentration of solution
-temp of solution
What is diffusion? ✅-movement of molecules from area of higher concentration to
lower concentration
-occurs as a result of membrane transport system
What is filtration? ✅-movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane
-hydrostatic pressure exerted on walls of blood vessels by fluids (closed system)
-from area of higher pressure to lower pressure
-examples: glomerular filtration system in kidneys, arterial end of capillaries
What is active transport? ✅-ion/molecule moves across concentration gradient and
requires energy
-from less concentration solute to more concentration solute
-metabolic energy expenditure
-example: sodium-potassium pump (higher sodium in ECF, higher potassium in ICF)
What are regulators of fluid balance? ✅-thirst
-electrolytes: sodium promotes water retention
-protein and albumin: promote fluid retention
-hormones and enzymes
-antidiuretic hormone: promotes water reabsorption from renal tubules
-aldosterone: promotes sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption from renal tubules
-renin: promotes release of aldosterone
-lymphatics: promote return of water and protein from interstitial to vascular space
-skin: exertion of water
-lungs: exertion of water
