BIO 114: Midterm 1 Exam (Answered) 105 Questions
and Correct Answers With Verified Solution, Updated
Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct.
Apical Meristem
Found at the tip of each stem and root and contributes to length.
Primary Growth Process
Increases stem and root LENGTH, before thickening. Important to developing deep roots (nutrients) and
high leaves (sunlight).
Secondary Growth Process
Cell devision in the stem that creates lateral growth, causing the plant to thicken, or increase in girth.
Root System (3 things)
1. anchors the plant to the soil
2. absorbs water ad minerals
3. stores excess food for future needs underground
Fibrous/Diffuse Root System
consists of many thin branched roots growing closely to the surface, this effectively controls soil erosion
(i.e. grass)
Tap Root System
consists of one or two sparsely branched roots deep within the soil to draw from deep water and mineral
supplies. good for shifty soil. (i.e. carrots)
Drip Zone
an area beyond a trees leaf canopy to which rain is channeled.
Root Caps
Cells developed to protect the meristems of the root from being damaged.
Root Hairs
Form a fuzzy band around the root and a responsible for water intake.
Shoot System
consists of stems, branches, and attached leaves
Apical Bud
growing tip to elongate stem through cell division
, Leaf Primordia
lobes representing the first stages of leaf formation
Axilary Bud Pimordium
beginning of a potential branch
Nodes
Where leaves and axilary buds develop, they alternate with clear sections called internodes
3 Basic leaf arrangements (phyllotaxy)
opposite, alternate, whorled
Ground Covers
species that spread across the soil surface. ex: grass, ivy
Cork
outbreak that thickens and continually flakes
Lenticels
breathing pores that allow gasses to pass to the inner bark
Leaf Scars
reminders of fallen foliage from the past
Bud Scales
encases winter twigs growing tip/apical meristem
Ring Scars
Represents periods of winter dormancy
Epidermis
single layer of cells serving as the outer layer of the stem (skin)
Glaucous
waxy surface, glauco- from the presence of wax
Pubescent
epidermal hairs growing on the surface of the plant to protect against small insects
Cortex
the layer inside the epidermis, the chloroplasts in this layer give the plant its green color
Pith
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