Public Opinion correct answers Opinions held by ordinary citizens that are willingly shared
* aggregate (total) set of opinions held by ordinary citizns
Public opinion poll correct answers A survey in which individuals are asked to answer questions about a particular issue or person
Pop. (...
Public Opinion correct answers Opinions held by ordinary citizens that are willingly
shared
* aggregate (total) set of opinions held by ordinary citizns
Public opinion poll correct answers A survey in which individuals are asked to answer
questions about a particular issue or person
Pop. (N): group whose opinions are being measured
Sample (n): a suns of pop. whose view are taken to rep. overall pop.
Random: not biased, each member of pop. has equal probability of being included in
sample
Haphazard sample: some members have > or < probability of being in sample (biased)
*mall intercept, internet poll
Random Digit Dialing (RDD): computer generates a random telephone number
Margin of error- a measure to sample results from actual pop. results +-3%
Gallup Organization correct answers a polling organization
Factors Affecting the Formation of Opinion correct answers 1) family= primary
tendencies; party identification
2) peer= friends; socioeconomic class, generational cohort effect: the tendency of
members of same generation to identify w/ one another based on shared historical
experiences
- 1945-65 Baby boomers
-1965-85 Gen X
- 1985-2005 Gen Y or Milenials
3) Churches= reinforce existing attitudes along w/ peers
4) Education= formal politics. edu., politics. culture: a subset of culture involving values/
beliefs concerning gov. especially through symbols.
* us flag, statue of liberty
*official hist: a selected interpretation of a nation's past that highlights positive aspects
5) Media= channels of communication through which info. is made public
Print: newspaper, magazines
Electronic: television, internet, radio
Political socialization: process through which individuals acquire basic beliefs, values,
attitudes about politics & gov. that shape their opinions
Roles of the Media correct answers - editorial function/ agenda: determining what is
news worthy
, *Comcast $75 B revenue, $155.2 B Market Capital, owns Telemundo & NBC
Opinion Leader correct answers one who is able to influence opinions of others
because of position/ expertise/ personality
Fairness Doctrine correct answers FCC rule that required tv & radio stations if they
engaged in opinion content it required them to allow free air time to members of the
public to respond
*FCC= Fed. Communications Committee= regulate media
*tv on 7hrs per day, 9 yrs. of life
-socialization into mass consumerism
Watergate Break-In correct answers 1972 illegal entry into Democratic National
Committee offices by participants in President Richard Nixon's reelection campaign.
Gender Gap correct answers difference between % of women who vote for a particular
candidate & % of men
Political Trust correct answers degree which individuals express trust in gov. & political
institutions, usually measured through specific series of survey questions
Biases in the Media correct answers Media for profit, views= advertisement $$:
sensational bias
Nielsen Co./ Nielsen Ratings=see how many ppl. are watching
Common-Carrier correct answers ability to communicate quickly & effectively w/ large
audience
watch dog correct answers expose corruption, wrong doing in office, campaign role
Liberal Bias correct answers 1. Background of news makers, more liberal (personal,
cameraman)
2. Content Analysis: look at patterns, random sampling of media content images of
politicians
*more positive rep. of Liberal politicians, & negative for conservatives
*amount of time/ space given to liberal/ conservative politicians
3. Conservative Bias: relative absence of stories that are critical of US foreign policy in
major US Corporations.
Echo Camber correct answers increasingly individuals are only hearing news/ info that
reflect their biases
lobbyist correct answers organization or individual who attempts to influence leg. &
administive decisions of gov.
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