Exam (elaborations) AACN-PATIENT MANAGEMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
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Course
AACN-PATIENT MANAGEMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
Institution
AACN-PATIENT MANAGEMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
AACN-Patient Management and Interventions questions and
their correct answers and explanations
1. Question: How do you manage a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who presents with
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
o Answer: Immediate management includes administering aspiri...
AACN-Patient Management and Interventions questions and
their correct answers and explanations
1. Question: How do you manage a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who presents with
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
o Answer: Immediate management includes administering aspirin, antiplatelet agents
(e.g., clopidogrel), anticoagulants, and thrombolytics if within the time window. Primary
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should be performed within 90 minutes of first
medical contact if available.
o Explanation: Prompt treatment with medications and PCI is critical to restore coronary
blood flow and minimize myocardial damage.
2. Question: What are the key considerations in managing a patient with heart failure and reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
o Answer: Management includes using ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, and
diuretics. Consider adding aldosterone antagonists for severe cases. Implement lifestyle
modifications and monitor renal function and electrolytes closely.
o Explanation: Medications help reduce symptoms and improve outcomes by managing
fluid overload and improving cardiac function.
3. Question: How should you approach the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid
ventricular response in an emergency setting?
o Answer: Rate control with beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers is the initial step. If
unstable, immediate synchronized cardioversion is indicated. Anticoagulation should be
considered based on stroke risk and duration of AF.
o Explanation: Rate control and cardioversion address symptoms and prevent
complications, while anticoagulation reduces the risk of stroke.
4. Question: What are the primary treatment strategies for managing hypertensive emergencies?
o Answer: Immediate treatment involves using intravenous antihypertensives like
nitroprusside, labetalol, or nicardipine. The goal is to lower blood pressure gradually to
avoid organ damage, with careful monitoring of blood pressure and end-organ function.
o Explanation: Rapid but controlled blood pressure reduction helps prevent complications
while minimizing risks associated with too-rapid decreases.
5. Question: How do you manage a patient with aortic dissection, and what are the key
interventions?
o Answer: Immediate blood pressure control with beta-blockers is crucial to reduce stress
on the aortic wall. Surgical intervention is often required for type A dissections, while
type B dissections may be managed with medical therapy and close monitoring.
o Explanation: Blood pressure control and timely surgical intervention are essential to
prevent complications and improve outcomes.
, AACN-Patient Management and Interventions questions and
their correct answers and explanations
6. Question: What are the management strategies for a patient with chronic stable angina?
o Answer: Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium
channel blockers. Aspirin and statins are recommended for secondary prevention. Stress
testing and regular follow-up are also important.
o Explanation: Medications and lifestyle changes help control symptoms and prevent
progression of coronary artery disease.
7. Question: How should you manage a patient presenting with acute pericarditis?
o Answer: Treatment involves NSAIDs or colchicine for inflammation, with corticosteroids
considered in severe cases or if NSAIDs are contraindicated. Manage symptoms and
monitor for complications like pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis.
o Explanation: Anti-inflammatory medications address the underlying inflammation and
symptoms, while monitoring helps prevent complications.
8. Question: What are the considerations for managing a patient with aortic stenosis in the context
of surgical intervention?
o Answer: Indications for surgery include symptomatic severe aortic stenosis or left
ventricular dysfunction. Options include aortic valve replacement (AVR) via open surgery
or transcatheter AVR (TAVR) depending on patient factors and surgical risk.
o Explanation: Surgical intervention is tailored based on symptoms, valve severity, and
patient risk factors to improve outcomes and alleviate symptoms.
9. Question: How do you manage a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and suspected
pulmonary embolism (PE)?
o Answer: Initiate anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin or direct oral
anticoagulants. Confirm diagnosis with imaging studies (e.g., CT pulmonary angiogram)
and consider thrombolysis for severe PE.
o Explanation: Anticoagulation and timely imaging are crucial for managing DVT and PE,
with treatment decisions guided by severity and patient condition.
10. Question: What are the key considerations in managing patients with ventricular tachycardia
(VT) in the ICU?
o Answer: Management involves antiarrhythmic medications such as amiodarone or
lidocaine. In unstable patients, immediate synchronized cardioversion is required.
Evaluate for underlying causes and consider implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
placement if indicated.
o Explanation: Effective treatment of VT involves stabilizing the patient and addressing
both the arrhythmia and any underlying causes.
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