Biology 20 Final Exam (Alberta)
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER- White blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, multilobed
nuceli, granulated, 10-14 um
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER- White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, lobed nuclei,
irregularly shaped, release histamine, promotes blood flow to injury, granulated, 10-12 um,
nucleus fills whole cell
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER- White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, bilobed
nuceli, granulated, 10-14 um, phagocytize antigen - antibody complexes
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER- White Blood Cell, Can leave blood stream, further
specialize as macrophages that destroy bacteria, kidney shaped nuclei, nongranular
Lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER- White Blood Cell, non granular, thymus and red bone
marrow, play role in the formation of antibodies(defense function)
Plasma - CORRECT ANSWER- Fluid portion of the blood, made up of water plus dissolved
gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, hormones, waste products. Transports blood cells,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Red Blood Cell - CORRECT ANSWER- (Erythrocyte) Blood cell that contains the
respiratory protein hemoglobin and is specialized for oxygen transport, no nucleus (formed
part of blood)
White Blood Cell - CORRECT ANSWER- (leukocyte) Colorless blood cell that protects the
body from infection by way of the immune response, plays a role in allergic reactions and
inflammation. Three types: granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes (formed part of blood)
,Platelet - CORRECT ANSWER- Component of the formed portion of the blood, consisting
of fragments of cells that are created when larger cells in the bone marrow break apart,
contains no nucleus and plays a key role in blood clotting
Vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER- Expansion in the diameter of blood vessels; near the
skin brings more blood to the surface to reduce body temperature
Vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWER- Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels; near the
skin conserves body heat
Atrioventricular (AV) node - CORRECT ANSWER- Bundle of specialized muscle tissue
located int he wall of the right atrium; receives electrical stimulus from the SA nose and
transmits this impulse over the walls of the ventricles to start their contraction
Bundle of His - CORRECT ANSWER- Bundle of specialized fibers through which an
electrical signal is transmitted from the AV node, initiating the contraction of the right and
left ventricles
Aorta - CORRECT ANSWER- Major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the
heart to all regions of the body, except lungs
Tricuspid Valve - CORRECT ANSWER- (atrioventricular) Separates the right atria and
ventricle, 3 flaps
Bicuspid Valve - CORRECT ANSWER- (atrioventricular) Separates the left atria and
ventricle, 2 flaps
Semilunar Valves - CORRECT ANSWER- (Aortic + Pulmonary) Look like half moons, keep
the blood when it is pumped to the lungs and body from leaking back into the heart
Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER- System of vessels that transports blood, the cells
and substances suspended and dissolved in blood throughout the body. Links all systems;
transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, medicine, enzymes, etc. Regulates internal
temperature, protects against blood loss from injury, disease causing microbes, or toxic
substances introduced to the body.
, Cardiovascular System - CORRECT ANSWER- The heart and blood vessels, cardio= heart,
vascular= vessels
Pulmonary Pathway - CORRECT ANSWER- Heart to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Pathway - CORRECT ANSWER- Heart to body and back to the heart
Coronary Pathway - CORRECT ANSWER- Heart to heart vessels and back to the heart
Heart's Functions - CORRECT ANSWER- Pump blood through the body, keep oxygen rich
blood separated from oxygen poor blood, ensure that blood flows only in one direction
through the body
Capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER- The smallest blood vessel; gases and other substances
are exchanged between the circulatory system and body tissues across one cell capillary wall
Sinoatrial Node - CORRECT ANSWER- Bundle of specialized muscle tissue located in the
wall of the right atrium of the mammalian heart; generates an electrical impulse that
stimulates cardiac muscle fibers to contract and relax rhythmically, producing a regular heart
beat (organic pacemaker)
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER- Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
(mL/min); average output = total volume of blood that circulates through the heart once per
minute
Atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and
fibrous tissues) on the inside of artery walls. Blood flow is decreased and blood pressure
increased; Angioplasty and coronary bypass
Blood - CORRECT ANSWER- Tissue with a solid and fluid portion
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER- Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex;
stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of
sodium into the bloodstream, followed by the passive absorption of water and chloride
