Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4
What are examples of inhaled Short-acting Beta Agonists? (SABAs) - correct
answer Albuterol and levabuterol
What is the MOA of inhaled beta agonists? - correct answer To relax airway
smooth muscle by increasing cyclic cAMP; dilation and opening of airway
What is the use of inhaled beta agonists? - correct answer Used in bronchospasm
associated with: asthma, bronchitis, and COPD
When are SABAs used (albuterol and levabuterol)? - correct answer For relief of
ACUTE asthma attacks
Is albuterol approved in children under 4? - correct answer Yes.
How do beta-2 agonists affect calcium? - correct answer They open large
conductions in calcium activated potassium channels = hyperpolarized airway
smooth muscle cells
1. decreased intracellular calcium
2. increased potassium concentration
3. decreased myocleynase activity = smooth muscle relaxation and
bronchodilation
What are examples of long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)? - correct answer
salmetrol and formoterol
What are LABAs (salmeterol and formoterol) used for? - correct answer Used for
PREVENTION or long term treatment of asthma
NOT for acute attacks; not first line treatment
CANNOT be used alone
,Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4
What population should LABAs NOT be prescribed in? - correct answer African
Americans
What is special about the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - correct answer This
gene causes LABAs to worsen asthma control
Who is more likely to have the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - correct answer
African Americans; this genotype is present in 1/6th of the U.S. population
How does the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene cause worsening asthma control
when LABAs are taken? - correct answer Asthmatics with this gene are at risk for
decreased airflow and worsening asthma control
What are adverse effects of inhaled beta agonists? - correct answer Tachycardia
and tremors
What is the absorption of inhaled beta agonists? - correct answer Very little
systemic absorption
What are examples of anticholinergics/antimuscarinics in maintenance therapy of
COPD? - correct answer ipatroprium (Atrovent) and tiotroprium (Spiriva)
What is the MOA of anticholinergics (ipatroprium and tiotroprium)? - correct
answer They block muscarinic receptors decreasing the formation of cAMP
CAUSES BRONCHODILATION BY:
1. decreasing smooth muscle contraction of lungs (mainly on M3 receptors)
2. decreases mucous secretion
What are ipatroprium and tiotroprium used for? - correct answer Maintenance
of COPD
What is tiotroprium (Spiriva)? - correct answer LONG-ACTING bronchodilator for
COPD; better absorbed from lung than ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What is ipotroprium (Atrovent)? - correct answer SHORT-ACTING bronchodilator
for COPD
, Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4
What bronchodilator is the best choice in patients taking propranolol? - correct
answer Ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What are the adverse effects of ipatroprium and tiotroprium? - correct answer
Anticholinergic -- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit
What are examples of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer fluticasone
(Flonase), budesonide (Pulmicort), beclomethasone diproprionate (QVAR)
What are inhaled corticosteroids used for? - correct answer Long-term treatment
of asthma (severe, persistent asthma); taken everyday
What is the absorption of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer Rapid
absorption from lung tissues; greater with use of spacer
What effects do inhaled corticosteroids have? - correct answer Anti-
inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effects
Highly selective agonists at the glucocorticoid receptor and some activity at
androgen, estrogen, and corticoid receptors
What is the MOA of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer INHIBITS mast cell
migration to bronchial tissues
What is the bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer Low
systemic bioavailability; they produce a topical effect on the lung without
significant systemic effects
What are adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer 1. Cough
upon inhalation
2. Oral canadiasis/white coating-- prevented by rinsing mouth with water after
inhaler use
3. Rare allergic reactions
4. Burning small of plastic, unpleasant taste, hoarseness or nasal congestion, pain,
HA, or visual changes
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