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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!
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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!
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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor ExamQuestions With Complete Solutions!!
Describe .the .structure .and .function .of .each .mature .blood .cell .- .(correct .answer) .-RBC:
-lacks .a .nucleus, .mitochondria, .and .ribosomes
-contains .water, .hemoglobin, .and .other .structural .elements
-biconcave .disk
-transport .oxygen .to .tissues
-transport .carbon .dioxide .to .lungs
-maintain .cell .shape .and .deformability
WBC:
-larger .than .RBC
5 .types:
-granulocytes .
basophils, .neutrophils, .eosinophils
-agranulocytes
lymphocytes .and .monocytes
-provide .defense .for .body .against .foreign .invaders
-phagocytosis
-immunity
,Describe .the .structure .of .a .hemoglobin .molecule .- .(correct .answer) .--heme .is .the .pigmented .portion
.of .hemoglobin
-each .heme .unit .contains .an .iron .atom .to .which .one .O2 .molecule .can .attach .
(can .carry .4 .O2 .molecules)
-hemoglobin .attached .to .oxygen: .oxyhemoglobin
-hemoglobin .gives .up .oxygen: .deoxyhemoglobin
Explain .the .fate .of .hemoglobin .following .extravascular .hemolysis .- .(correct .answer) .--
destruction .of .RBC .outside .cardiovascular .system
-RBC .removed .from .circulation .by .macrophages .in .spleen
-hemoglobin .is .released .and .degraded .into .AA's, .iron, .and .heme
-AA's .are .returned .to .liver .to .build .more .proteins
-iron .is .transported .to .bone .marrow .to .be .recycled .to .make .new .RBC
-heme .is .further .broken .down .into .free .or .unconjugated .bilirubin
Explain .the .fate .of .hemoglobin .following .intravascular .hemolysis .- .(correct .answer) .--
destruction .takes .place .w/in .blood .vessels
-hemoglobin .is .released .into .bloodstream
-unconjugated .hemoglobin .is .quickly .picked .up .by .haptoglobin .to .form .haptoglobin-
hemoglobin .complex
-the .complex .travels .to .macrophages .in .liver .for .further .breakdown
List .and .describe .the .blood .parameters .of .the .CBC .- .(correct .answer) .--packed .cell .volume .
(PCV) .or .hematocrit .(HCT)
-automated .analyzers .and .gross .examination .of .a .centrifuged .microhematocrit .tube
-volume .of .packed .RBS .measured .and .expressed .as .a .percentage .of .total .volume .of .blood
-3 .layer
plasma
buffy .layer .(WBC .and .platelets)
RBCs
Describe .the .indications .and .3 .goals .of .transfusion .therapy .- .(correct .answer) .--rapid .blood .loss
,-severe .anemia
-coagulation .factor .deficiency .
-lower .than .normal .plasma .protein
-thrombocytopenia
increase .the .oxygen-carry .capacity .of .blood
replace .coagulation .factors .and .other .proteins .
replace .blood .volume
Describe .the .2 .parts .of .the .lymphatic .system .and .the .functions .of .each .part .- .(correct .answer) .-
system .of .ducts .and .fluid .lymph
-system .picks .up .fluid .leaked .from .capillaries
-lymph .ducts .carry .lymph .to .blood .vessels .near .heart
-lymph .is .put .back .into .bloodstream
system .of .lymphoid .organs .and .tissues:
primary .organs .(thymus, .bursa .of .Fabricius, .Peyer's .patches)
-fxns .to .regulate .the .lymphocyte .maturation .as .animal .develops
secondary .system .(spleen, .lymph .nodes, .tonsils)
-main .fxn .is .to .trap .and .process .antigens .and .mature .lymphocytes .that .mediate .immune .responses
-enlarge .in .response .to .antigen .stimulation
Describe .the .formation .of .lymph .fluid .and .its .circulation .through .the .lymphatic .system .- .
(correct .answer) .-starts .out .as .excessive .tissue .fluid
capillaries .in .tissue .join .to .form .larger .vessels .to .propel .lymph .towards .heart .(one-way .valves)
eventually .joins .bloodstream
, Describe .the .composition .of .blood .- .(correct .answer) .--erythrocytes .(RBC)
-leukocytes .(WBC)
-thrombocytes .(platelets)
Describe .the .functions .of .blood .- .(correct .answer) .-transport:
-oxygen, .carbon .dioxide, .waste .products, .hormones, .platelets
regulation:
-body .temp, .tissue .fluid .content, .blood .pH
defense .system:
-white .cells .phagocytosis, .platelets
Explain .the .difference .between .plasma .and .serum .- .(correct .answer) .-plasma:
-primarily .water .in .which .various .solutes .are .dissolved .(91%)
-7% .proteins: .albumin, .globulins, .fibrinogens
-2% .ions, .nutrients, .waste .products, .gases, .regulatory .substances
***Whole .blood .- .cells .= .plasma
serum:
plasma .- .coagulation .factors .= .serum
Describe .how .each .type .of .blood .cell .is .formed .- .(correct .answer) .-
Three .types .of .blood .cells .found .in .the .body .are .
erythrocytes .(red .blood .cells) .
leukocytes .(white .blood .cells)
thrombocytes .(platelets).
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