Nur 211 Exam Questions With Complete
Solutions Graded A+
What are the phases of the ovarian cycle? - Answer - Follicular phase
- Luteal phase
What are the phases of the uterine cycle? - Answer - Menstrual phase
- Proliferation phase
- Secretory phase
- Ischemic phase
What is the midpoint between the ovarian and uterine cycles? - Answer - ovulation
What happens to the egg from fertilization through the second week? - Answer - The
zygote becomes the morula, which becomes the blastocyst, which becomes the
trophoblast, which becomes the embryo
What is the embryonic stage? - Answer - end of 2nd week through the 8th week
- basic structures of major body organs and main external features
What is the fetal stage? - Answer - End of the 8th week until birth at 37-40 weeks
- rapid growth of organs and systems
- "Practice" functioning of systems
Which system develops first, and when does it begin to function? - Answer - first to
develop
- primitive function by 4 weeks
What are the bypass pathways? - Answer - ductus arteriosus
- ductus venosus
- Foramen ovale
What is the ductus arteriosus? - Answer - pulmonary artery to the aorta
What is the ductus venosus? - Answer - umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
,What is the foramen ovale? - Answer - it is the hole between the right and left atria
What are the accessory structures? - Answer - Placenta
- Umbilical cord
- Embryonic membranes
- Amniotic fluid
What does the placenta do? - Answer - Gas exchange: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out
- Nutrition
- Production of hormones
- Transfer immunoglobulins & antibodies
What is the placenta and what is AVA? - Answer - lifeline between the embryo/fetus and
the placenta
- AVA is 2 arteries and one vein
What are the embryonic membranes? - Answer - amnion and chorion form the amniotic
sac
What does the amniotic fluid do? - Answer - cushion the cord and fetus to protect from
trauma
- allows for fetal movement and promote symmetrical growth
- Controls body temp
- Provides oral intake and practice swallowing
- Supplies fetal skin/DNA samples for prenatal testing
- Required for fetal lung development
What are the pregnancy homrones? - Answer - hCG
- hPL
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
What is hCG and what does it do? - Answer - human chorionic gonadotropin
- Ensures ovaries continue to produce estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy
until placenta kicks in
,- Responsible for positive pregnancy test
What is hPL and what does it do? - Answer - Human placental lactogen
- Promotes breast growth in preparation for lactation
- adjust nutrient metabolism to ensure adequate glucose, protein, and fats to fetus
Plays major role in the development of GDM
What is Progesterone and what does it do? - Answer - the "hormone of pregnancy"
- Relaxes the uterus to allow growth of fetus without contractions and expulsion
- Relaxes other body systems to cause normal discomforts of pregnancy (esophageal
sphincter, ureters, colon, etc)
What is Estrogen and what does it do? - Answer - Stimulates uterine and breast growth
- Causes "color changes" in pregnancy (mask of pregnancy, dark nipples and perineum,
linea nigra, striae, etc>)
What is the TORCH acronym? - Answer - Toxoplasmosis
- Other
- Rubella
, - Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes Simplex Virus
What does the T in TORCH stand for? - Answer - T toxoplasmosis
- Raw meat & cat liter
- Cook pork well done; PPE
What does the O in TORCH stand for? - Answer - Other
- GBS
- Screen at 35-37 weeks gestation
- Antibiotics in labor
What does the R in TORCH stand for? - Answer - Vaccinate prior to pregnancy or
postpartum
What does the C in TORCH stand for? - Answer - cytomegalovirus
- Bodily fluids, especially young children
- PPE and handwashing
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