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AICP 2024 - History and People | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AICP 2024 - History and People | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AICP 2024 - History and People | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
Lawrence Vaeiller - Father of Modern Housing Code
Progressive age social worker in NYC, org Tenement House Exhibition (1900)
Tenement House Act of 1901
Robert Moses - Known as the "Great Expediter" and "Master Builder" and was leading
planner of the 1920s, replaced Burnam as leading American Planner, target of Jane
Jacobs, polarizing urban planner. Believed that "If the ends don't justify the means, then
what the hell does?" Strong proponent of the automobile, discourage mass transit.
Worked on Jones Beach, White Stone, and Bronx Expressway (1st highway, parkway
built through an urban area).
Clarence Perry - Derived the "neighborhood unit" to protect children from car fatalities,
1920 director of Russel Sage foundation. Wrote: "Regional Survey of NY and its
Environs"
Lewis Mumford - Urban Planning historian, writer and regional planning supporter, wrote
"The Culture of Cities" 1938, "The City in History" 1961, popularized planning to general
public (inspired a generation of planners who led American planning efforts after the
war). 1925 Publication of "Regional Plan" issue of Survey Graphic, influential essays on
regional planning were written by him and other members of the Regional Planning
Association of America - RPAA (e.g., Catherine Bauer). Principal planner behind Sunny
Side Gardens and Radburn.
Paul Davidoff - Advocacy Planner, Suburban Action Institute 1969, challenged
exclusionary zoning, Mt Laurel. Argued planners should not be value neutral public
servant, but should represent special interest groups, 1962. "A Choice Theory of
Planning," seminal article in AIP Journal by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, lays
basis for advocacy planning concept. Was an early champion of advocacy planning. He
argued that there is no one public interest for planners to serve, and thus, that planners
have no choice but to become non-objective advocates for specific interests and groups
Kevin Lynch - Wrote "image of the City" 1960 people mind-map cities by paths, edges,
districts, nodes, landmarks. "way Finding" "imagability" - humanistic reaction against
modern planning. defined basic concepts within the City (paths, edges, nodes, districts);
Anit-modernistic Planners - Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, Colin Rowe, Robert Venturi +
Denis Brown, Webber
Saul Alinsky - Founder of modern Community Organizing "Rule for Radicals" used
unorthodox tactics to organize community power
,Sherry Arnstein - Wrote "A Ladder of Citizen Participation" 1969 - how to engage the
public in planning with a theoretic framework for advocacy planning, which divided
public participation and planning into three levels: non-participation, tokenism, and
citizen power.
Jacob Riis - Documented "How the Other Half Lives" 1890 "Children of the Poor" 1892 -
aligned with Banjamin Marsh and Lawrence Vaeiller. Led first federal investigation of
slum conditions. Settlement House/Housing Reform Movement
Partick Geddes - Father of Regional Planning - Sir - Scotish Biologist, 1909 Regional
Planning Model "Valley Section" was the forerunner to Duany's Transect concept.
Forerunner for Green Politics. wrote "Cities in Evolution" (1915) mentor of Lewis
Mumford. His famous axiom "Survey, analyze, plan." He criticized City Beautiful and
Garden Cities movements for assuming that when all physical elements were in place,
the social problems would take care of themselves. Mixing sociology and city planning,
he believed that custom-tailored, people oriented solutions are required for specific
problems that can vary from place to place.
Jane Jacobs - Wrote "Death and Life of American Cities" 1961 - eyes on the street,
social capital.
Key tenants: concentration of mixed uses, small block size, and building preservation.
High density does not necessarily equal crowded slums. Overcrowding is a product of
too many people in a dwelling, not density of dwellings.
Advocacy Planners - Jane Jacobs - Sherry Arnstein - Paul Davidoff - Saul Alinsky -
Norman Krumholtz - Alan Altshuler
Frank Lloyd Wright - Broadacre City - Disappearing City - Auto-oriented development,
forerunner for sprawl
T.J. Kent - Wrote "Urban General Plan" 1964 UC Berkeley - classic textbook on history,
purpose, scope, clients and use of comp plans. Criticized 1928 Standard City Planning
Enabling Act because the local plans spawned by it tended to embody the values of
planners who created them rather than the political bodies responsible for implementing
them. Also, such plans did not have to be comprehensive and often included zoning
regulations. He felt that plans should be long-range, general and adopted as a single
comprehensive document.
Paolo Soleri - Italian-american architect est Acrosant, ani experimental community in
Arizona, using arcoloy - minimize impact to the earth.
1st National Park - Yellow Stone - Muir 1872
1st National Wildlife Refuge - 1903 - Pelican Island - Indian River County Florida
1st Historic Preservation Commission - New Orleans 1921 - Vieux Carre Commission
, 1st Off-street Parking Regulations - 1923 Columbus Ohio
1st Historic Preservation Ordinance - South Carolina, Charleston 1930
1st Limited Access Highway - Bronx River Parkway
Charles Lindblom - Wrote "Science of Muddling Through" - Incremental Theory
developer and advocate. Author of "The Intelligence of Democracy" (1965)
Walter Christaller - 1933 "Central Plan Theory" -Foundation of the study of cities as
systems of cities rather than simple hierarchies or single entities. the larger the city the
fewer there are, cities are placed farther apart than towns.
Ernest Burgess - 1923 Burgess Model - Concentric Ring Theory - one of the earliest
theoretical models to explain city social structures. Distribution of social groups, the
father away from the CBD, the more affluent.A city is seen as a set of concentric rings.
As the city grows, each ring invades and overtakes the next ring out - a process called
Invasion/Succession theory (Class Org). 1) CBD 2) Worker Housing 3) Better Housing
4) Commuter Suburb Housing
Homer Hoyt - Derived the Sector Theory - Land Economist - Redefined Economic Base
Analysis. 1939 Sector Model of urban development, suggests that zones expand
outward from CBD along railroads, highways, and transportation arteries. Modernized
the Concentric Ring Theory of Burgess. Major developer of urban shopping centers
after WW2, Red-lining. High density residential, commercial and industrial uses radiate
out from the CBD in sectors that follow major transportation routes. More expensive
housing radiates out.
Le Corbusier - 1924 - The City of Tomorrow, Early Model for Social Housing - Father of
Modern Architecture - Radiant City
Jame Rouse - 1954 Chaired Federal Housing Act of 1954, was reknown as major
shopping center developer
Andres Duany - Co-founder for the congress for New Urbanism, Peter Katz. advocate
for new urbanism; designed Seaside, Florida (1982).
Alan Altshuler - 1966 City Planner Process, Political Policy Writer,also argued for
abandoning the objective, non-political view of planning. He felt that to be effective,
planners must become actively involved in the political process.
Robert Lang - Director of Brookings Mountain West and developed concepts such as
"Boomburbs," "Edgeless City" and "Megapolitan Areas"
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