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BACE Exam-Knowledge | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified

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BACE Exam-Knowledge | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%
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Clinical Trial- Phase 1 - - Tests drug in healthy individuals

- Tests for safety, dosage, and side effects



Clinical Trial- Phase 2 - - Tests on larger group of effected individuals

- Tests for efficacy and side effects



Clinical Trial-Phase 3 - - Tests on new and wider demographic

- Tests for long term effectiveness and comparisons with other medications



Clinical Trial- FDA Approval - Treatment determined effective and safe for public use



Clinical Trial- Phase 4 - - Continues to test for effectiveness and safety

- Can be taken off the market if necessary



Cell Harvesting- Indirect Cell Count - Determine concentration of cells is a liquid culture

DOES NOT tell me if the cells are viable vs nonviable- some cells may be dead



Cell Harvesting- Indirect Cell Count Reagents - - Luria Broth(Food Source)

- Shaking Incubator or shaking water bath (Incubator or Water is for 37 C; Shaking-Oxygen)

- Spectrophotometer (measures absorbance values to give concentration)



Cell Harvesting- Direct Cell Count - Determine concentration of cells in agar place



Cell Harvesting- Direct Cell Count Reagents - - Agar Plate

- Luria Broth(food source)

, - Incubator (37 C)

- Physically Count- the amount the colonies and calculate the concentration



Gram Staining - Determine if peptidoglycan is present in cell wall



Gram Staining Reagents - - Crystal Violet=Gram Positive

- Iodine= fixation

- Alcohol= decolorizer

- Safranin= Gram negative



Inserting into the Cell - Neutralize cell membrane and substance being inserted now passive disuse can
occur



Inserting into the Cell- Reagents - - Cofactors: CaCl2 or MgCl2

- Heat-shock (chemical transformation= prokaryotic) or Electricity/Electroporation (Transfection=
Eukaryotic Cells)



Lysing the Cell - Breaking (destroying cell membrane) open the cell to extract DNA, mRNA, or protein



Lysing the Cell- Reagents - - Detergent: SDS (DNA Extraction) or Lysozyme (Protein Extraction)

- Freeze-Thaw Method: Freezer, water bath/dry bath, vortexer



PCR - Copy DNA



PCR- Reagents - - DNA Sample (denaturing)

- Primers (annealing)

- Nucleotides/dNTPs (elongation)

- Taq Polymerase (elongation)

- Mix Buffer (maintain pH)

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