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BIO 316 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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BIO 316 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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BIO 316 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
Physiology - The branch of biology that deals with the functions of living organisms and their parts
natural selection - Organismal function has been shaped by _________ in different environments.
Darwin's 4 postulates of natural selection - 1. Phenotypes vary within populations
2. Some of this variation is passed on to offspring
3. In every generation, more offspring are produced than can survive
4. Some individuals survive and reproduce more effectively that others, and this success is associated
with their phenotypes
predict - Evolutionary reasoning allows us to ________ physiology based on knowledge about local
environments, not just
catalogue it across organisms and environments.
Intergrative - Physiology affects and/or responds to all levels of biological organization; Physiology is an
inherently ________ discipline.
Mechanisms and Origins - What are the 2 broad types of questions in animal physiology about?
What is the mechanism by which a function is accomplished? - State the question on mechanisms.
proximate causation - What is the question about mechanisms about?
How did that mechanism come to be? - State the question on origins.
ultimate causation - What is the question about origins about?
,Mechanism - Interactions between the components of living animals that enable these animals to
perform and function as they do.
Mechanism - The field of physiology is most clearly differentiated from other fields (e.g. ecology, animal
behavior) by this focus on _______.
Evolution - Questions about the origin of a physiological function are fundamentally about the ________
of that function and its broader ecological and adaptive significance
Inference - Answers to questions about origin are usually understood with less certainty than questions
about mechanism, because they often rely on indirect forms of _______.
Adaptations - Physiological mechanisms are almost always _________—traits that have arisen as a
result of natural selection.
Animal Physiology - ________ is an inherently integrative field of study that asks questions about the
origin of, and mechanisms underlying, animal function.
Evolutionary - The field of animal physiology is based heavily in _______ biology, and specifically, the
ways in which physiological features have arisen via natural selection.
Predict - Evolutionary theory allows us to ______ what physiological functions a given species might
have, and it gives us a basis for making hypotheses.
Continuous; dynamic - The atoms of animal bodies undergo ________ and _______ exchange with the
atoms of their environments
organization - In animals, it is the general ________ of these atoms that persists through time, rather
than the individual atoms themselves
Energy - To maintain organization of atoms, animals require the input of ______.
, Homeostasis - Because animals dynamically interact with their environment, they must maintain
_______.
Homeostasis - The maintenance of a stable (or nearly stable) internal environment
Biochemistry; narrow - Homeostasis is important because most ________ operates best
within a relatively ______ range of conditions.
Energy; broad - It costs ______ to maintain function across a ______ range of environmental conditions
such that a jack of all environments is usually a master of none.
regulation and conformity - How do animals respond to environmental variation?
Regulation - the animal physiologically or behaviorally compensates for environmental variation
Conformity - the animal "conforms" to changes in it's external and/or internal environment
immediate external environment - Lizards, like most animals, are ectotherms...their internal body
temperatures are directly determined by their __________.
behavioral thermoregulation - When possible, lizards, and other ectotherms use _________ to maintain
constant internal body temperatures.
Conformity - In certain environments, ______ can be a more effective strategy than regulation.
negative feedback - Behavioral thermoregulation, like all processes that provide homeostasis to
organisms, rely on ________.
Positive - ________ feedback is also possible in some contexts, whereby the physiological process
snowballs in response to the stimulus (ex: cytokine storm)
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