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Bio 316 Study Guide 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio 316 Study Guide 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio 316 Study Guide 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
Fitness is not randomly assigned; it is tied to variation.
- # of offspring produced
- survival - What are the two components of fitness when describing fitness in terms of natural
selection?
1. Genetic variation
2. Inheritable
3. More offspring are produced than can survive
4. Fitness - List the four conditions for natural selection.
Fundamental niche: the physical conditions under which a species might live
Realized niche: How the species is limited by biotic interactions within the fundamental niche - Explain
the difference between a fundamental and realized niche
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, interactions, population, individuals
(BECIPI) - Put the levels of biological organization in order (Individual, Population, Interactions,
Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere)
The interactions of organisms with other organisms and the environment. Abiotic/biotic - Define ecology
See chapter 9 notes
equation to use:
Clumped: higher probability of being found in some areas than in others. *individuals attracted to each
other. *resource patchy in environment. (clumped variance >mean, or variance/mean>1)
Regular/uniform: individuals uniformly spaced. *avoid each other or claim exclusive use of a patch.
*uniform distribution of resources. (regular variance < mean, or variance/mean<1)
, Random: individuals with a population have a equal chance of living anywhere in area. *individuals
within population ignore each other. *random disturbances in the environment. *resource are randomly
distributed. (random variance =mean, or variance/mean=1) - Be able to calculate the mean and variance
for a population of surveyed organisms. From the mean and variance describe the population
distribution. Recognize and name clumped, random, and uniform/regular patterns of distribution.
Type 1: juvenile survival. Higher mortality rate for older. Example: Humans
Type 2: constant morality. Die at equal rates regardless of age. Example: Songbird
Type 3: high mortality rate. High mortality young, low mortality for old. Example: fish/insect - Recognize
and name the 3 types of survivorship curves. Explain the patterns in the curves and give an example of
an organism for each type.
fecundity table used to estimate rates of population growth to evaluate the effects of conservation
efforts on endangered species. It is important to know whether a population is increasing or decreasing.
- Explain why ecologists use fecundity tables and what kind of information they can calculate with them
R0 is the net reproductive rate. (average # of offspring produced by individual in a population during its
lifetime.)
r is the intrinsic rate of increase. - If given values of R0 and r, tell if the population is increasing,
decreasing, or staying the same
Phenology: The study of the relationship between climate and the timing of ecological events (seasonal
life cycle timing)
Example: such as the date of arrival of migratory birds on their wintering grounds, the timing of spring
plankton blooms, and the onset and ending of leaf fall in a deciduous forest - Define phenology and use
an example from the textbook to explain how a species phenology might be impacted by climate
change.
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