Bio252 Final EXAM BEST STUDYING
MATERIAL WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH
100 QUESTIONS
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the __________.
- ANSWER body's water volume is high
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the __________. -
ANSWER proximal convoluted tubule
A byproduct of protein catabolism, __________ constitutes approximately one-half of all
nitrogenous waste.
- ANSWER urea
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.
- ANSWER tubular fluid
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
- ANSWER decreased urine volume
Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.
- ANSWER secretion of parathyroid hormone
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a
drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
- ANSWER 20 mmHg out
,Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
- ANSWER Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
Which of the following induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR
and urine volume?
- ANSWER Norepinephrine
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while
allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
- ANSWER Collecting duct
In response to a drop in overall blood pressure, __________ stimulates constriction of the
glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.
- ANSWER angiotensin II
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is to __________.
- ANSWER supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?
- ANSWER rugae
Contact digestion takes place in/at the __________
- ANSWER brush border of the small intestine
Which of the following is true regarding the difference between the mucosa of the small and
large intestines?
- ANSWER The small intestine has deeper intestinal crypts than the large intestine.
, Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________, which is secreted by
__________.
- ANSWER chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells
Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is normally prevented by __________.
- ANSWER the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?
- ANSWER Digestion of most of the proteins we get in the diet
An example of chemical digestion is the break down of __________ into __________.
- ANSWER nucleic acids; nucleotides
The __________ phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric
and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
- ANSWER gastric
The __________ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow. Its neurons are
found in the __________.
- ANSWER enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in
correct order from lumen to external surface?
- ANSWER Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
The __________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing __________.
- ANSWER liver; cholesterol
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