Bevat ALLE inligting oor Evolusie van die mens vir die Graad 12 eindeksamen. Dek elke onderwerp oor die hoofstuk en is gemaak aan die hand van die nuutste eksamenriglyne!
,GRAAD 12 EVOLUSIE VAN DIE MENS ............................................................................................................... 1
DIE EVOLUSIE VAN DIE MENS .......................................................................................................................... 3
PLEK VAN DIE MENS IN DIE DIERERYK ........................................................................................................................... 3
ANATOMIESE OOREENKOMSTE TUSSEN MENSE EN AFRIKA-APE ......................................................................................... 4
ANATOMIESE VERSKILLE TUSSEN MENSE EN AFRIKA-APE .................................................................................................. 4
BEWYSE VAN GEMEENSKAPLIKE OUER VIR LEWENDE HOMONIEDE ...................................................................................... 6
A. Fossielbewyse: ....................................................................................................................................... 6
B. Genetiese Bewyse (van evolusie)........................................................................................................... 9
C. Kulturele Bewyse ................................................................................................................................. 10
BELANGRIKE FASES VAN HOMINIED EVOLUSIE .............................................................................................................. 11
UIT- AFRIKA HIPOTESE ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Fossielbewyse:.............................................................................................................................................. 12
Genetiese bewyse ........................................................................................................................................ 12
2 J. Steyn
, Die Evolusie van die Mens
Plek van die mens in die diereryk
Mamallia Klas
Primate Orde
Superfamilie
Hominoidea
Familie
Homonidae
Homininae Subfamilie
Homonini Stam
Homo Genus
(Mens)
Kladogram van die familie Hominidae:
Australopitheticus
Ardipitheticus
Sjimpansee
Homo
Gorilla
(mens)
Oerangoetang
Groot Ape Hominiene
3 J. Steyn
, Anatomiese ooreenkomste tussen mense en Afrika-ape
Opponeerbare duim
o Kraggreep in ape
o Kraggreep + Fyn motoriese greep in mense
Lang arms wat vry kan roteer
o Skouergewrig laat beweging in alle rigtings toe
Naakte vinger- en toonpunte wat in plat naels eindig
Gereduseerde snoet met verswakte reuksintuig
Stereoskopiese visie
Oë met keeltjies wat kleurvisie moontlik maak
Vergrootde breinsentrums
Geslagtelike dimorfisme
Besit voor- en ware kiestande met geronde knobbels
Anatomiese verskille tussen mense en Afrika-ape
Afrika Ape Mense
Kwadripedaal Bipedaal
Kneukellopend Regop loopgang met 2 bene
FM aan agterkant van skedel FM sentraal onderkant skedel
C-vormige werwelkolom S-vormige werwelkolom
Langer arms Korter arms
Arms > Bene Arms < Bene
Kleiner kniegewrigte Groter kniegewrigte
Swakker Sterker
Opponeerbare groottoon met kraggreep Nie-opponeerbare groottoon in lyn met ander
tone
Plat voete Verhoogde voetbrug
Lank en smal bekkengordel Kort en breed bekkengordel
Klein, minder ontwikkelde brein Groter, meer ontwikkelde brein
Kleiner kranium Groter kranium
Slagtande groot + prominent Slagtande net so groot soos ander tande
Dun tandemaljie Dik tandemaljie
Prognaties Minder prognaties
Gesig wyer, vertoon skuins na bo Smal, plat gesig
Prominente kraniale + wenkbrouriwwe Gereduseerde kraniale en wenkbrouriwwe
4 J. Steyn
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