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FINAL EXAM INTRO TO NURSING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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FINAL EXAM INTRO TO NURSING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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FINAL EXAM INTRO TO NURSINGQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Nurse Practice Act - ANSWER Defines and describes the legal boundaries of nursing practice in each
state. Overseen by the State board of nursing. Regulates the scope of nursing practice and protects
health safety and welfare.
Jean Watson theory - ANSWER Goal of Nursing is to promote health, restore client to health and prevent
illness. This model is designed around the philosophy of caring. Nursing actions purpose is to understand
the interrelationship between health, illness and human behavior.
Sandwich generation - ANSWER Middle age adults caught between the the responsibilities of caring for
dependent children and aging parents.
Family violence - ANSWER Physical emotional sexual abuse between children,spouses, older adults;
Associated factors are stress, poverty, social isolation,psychopathology and learned family behaviors.
Problem-focused assessment - ANSWER focus on client's presenting situation and begin with
problematic areas; then ask client follow-up questions to clarify and expand assessment
Subjective data - ANSWER Subjective:Client's verbal description of their health problem. It usually
Includes feeling, perceptions and self report of symptoms.
Objective data - ANSWER Observations and measurements of a clients health status. Can be description
of clients observed behavior. Basically anything that is seen, heard smelled or felt.
Goals/outcomes in nursing process - ANSWER goal: is a broad statement that describes the desired
change.
Expected outcome is a measurable criteria to evaluate goal achievement (in response to nursing care)
Physician initiated intervention - ANSWER initiated by a physician in response to a medical diagnosis but
carried out by a nurse in response to a doctor's order, Dependent Intervention prescribed by the MD,
Nurse still responsible for knowing how and why EX: Med admin
Nursing interventions - ANSWER treatments or actions based on clinical judgment and knowledge that
nurses perform to meet clients outcomes.
Standing orders - ANSWER A preprinted document containing orders for the conduit of routine
therapies, monitoring guidelines, and/or diagnostic procedures for specific clients with identified clinical
problems, signed and approved by health care providers in charge of care. Common in critical care
settings.
Medicaid/Medicare - ANSWER In-kind government transfer programs that provide health and
hospitalization benefits: Medicare to the aged and their survivors and to certain of the disabled,
regardless of income, and Medicaid to people with low incomes.
, DRGs (diagnosis related groups) - ANSWER used in hospitals; fixed rate per discharge (bundled charge)
based on principle diagnosis at time of admission
Interventions nursing process - ANSWER ...
Evaluation in the nursing process - ANSWER determines whether after application of the nursing process,
the client's condition or well-being improves. Evaluative measures determine if you met expected
outcomes.
ANA Code of Ethics - ANSWER respect for dignity and uniqueness of client; primary commitment is to
client;promotes, advocates, protects health safety of client;accountable for individual nursing
practice;same duties to self as others; establish, maintain,improve health care environments;participates
in advancement of profession;collaborates with other health professionals.
Professional Nursing Principles - ANSWER Autonomy: commitment to include clients in decisions about
all aspects of care.
Beneficence: taking positive actions to help others
Nonmalficence: the avoidance of harm or heart, balance risks and benefits of care
Justice: refers to fairness, in distribution of resources
Fidelity: agreement to keep promises
Autonomy - ANSWER commitment to include clients in decisions about all aspects of care.
Incident reports - ANSWER may be called:
-unusual occurrence report
-variance report
-event report
*record is separate from patient's medical record
*documents events that cause harm or have potential to harm patient visitor, staff
*meant for quality improvement, not punishment
DNR - ANSWER a legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the
patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitation efforts
Informed consent - ANSWER is a persons agreement to allow something to happen such as surgery or an
invasive diagnostic procedure, based on a full disclosure of risks, benefits, alternatives, and
consequences of refusal;the person performing the procedure must obtain, cannot be obtained under
influence of narcotics;the witnessing nurse only confirms signature authenticity and client consent.
Patient rights - ANSWER statements of rights to which patients are entitled to throughout care.
considerate and respectful care, information regarding diagnosis treatment prognosis, make decisions,
advanced directive, privacy, confidentiality, review records, request care, consent or decline research
studies, continuity of care, hospital policies
Clarification technique - ANSWER to check whether understanding is accurate,restate an unclear or
ambiguous message to clarify the sender's meaning
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