AP Psych Unit 4 Questions with Correct Answers
associative learning - Correct Answer learning that certain events occur together
classical conditioning - Correct Answer a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus ...
AP Psych Unit 4 Questions with Correct
Answers
associative learning - Correct Answer learning that certain events occur together
classical conditioning - Correct Answer a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate
stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response
that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent
conditioning.
learning - Correct Answer relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
behaviorism - Correct Answer the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2)
studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree
with (1) but not with (2).
unconditioned response - Correct Answer in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring
response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
unconditioned stimulus - Correct Answer in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-
naturally and automatically triggers a response
conditioned response - Correct Answer in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously
neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
conditioned stimulus - Correct Answer in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that,
after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
acquisition - Correct Answer The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral
stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned
response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.
extinction - Correct Answer the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical
conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS);
occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
, spontaneous recovery - Correct Answer the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished
conditioned response
generalization - Correct Answer the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli
similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
discrimination - Correct Answer in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a
conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
associative learning - Correct Answer learning that certain events occur together. The events may be
two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant
conditioning).
operant conditioning - Correct Answer a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if
followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
respondent behavior - Correct Answer behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some
stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning.
operant behavior - Correct Answer behavior that operates on the environment, producing
consequences.
law of effect - Correct Answer Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable
consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences
become less likely
operant chamber - Correct Answer a chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key
that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record
the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research. (Myers
Psychology 8e p. 327)
learning - Correct Answer a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
shaping - Correct Answer an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior
toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
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