,1. Multiple Choice: Which statistical test would be most
appropriate for comparing the mean blood pressure levels between
two independent groups with normal distribution?
a) Chi-square test
b) T-test
c) ANOVA
d) Regression analysis
Answer: b) T-test
Rationale: The T-test is used to compare the means of two
independent groups when the data is normally distributed.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ is a measure of the strength and
direction of the relationship between two variables.
Answer: Correlation coefficient
Rationale: The correlation coefficient quantifies the degree to
which two variables are related.
3. True/False: The p-value can inform us about the magnitude of
the effect of our intervention.
Answer: False
, Rationale: The p-value indicates the probability of obtaining the
observed results, or more extreme, by chance if the null hypothesis
is true. It does not measure the effect size.
4. Multiple Response: Which of the following are assumptions of
linear regression? (Select all that apply)
a) Homoscedasticity
b) Independence of errors
c) Normal distribution of errors
d) Equal sample sizes
Answers: a) Homoscedasticity, b) Independence of errors, c)
Normal distribution of errors
Rationale: These are key assumptions for linear regression
analysis; equal sample sizes are not a requirement.
5. Multiple Choice: In survival analysis, the function that defines
the probability of an event occurring at time t is known as:
a) Risk function
b) Hazard function
c) Survival function
d) Density function
Answer: b) Hazard function
, Rationale: The hazard function specifies the instant risk for the
event to occur at a certain time.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: In a clinical trial, the difference in effectiveness
between a new medication and a standard treatment is known as
the ________.
Answer: Treatment effect
Rationale: The treatment effect refers to the impact of the
intervention being tested in the trial.
7. True/False: A Kaplan-Meier curve is used to estimate the
median survival time of a cohort.
Answer: True
Rationale: The Kaplan-Meier curve is a non-parametric statistic
used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following are components of a
Cox proportional hazards model? (Select all that apply)
a) Baseline hazard function
b) Covariates
c) Interaction terms
d) Residuals
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