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HDEV 311 MIDTERM STUDY SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HDEV 311 MIDTERM STUDY SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HDEV 311 MIDTERM STUDY SETQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
1. Does the sperm bore or drill its way into the egg?
How long after intercourse does fertilization actually occur - ANSWER No, the sperm actually "spoons"
with the egg finally melting together. Fertilization takes 4 to 5 days after intercourse to occur.
What are some of the crucial differences in the development of the sperm and egg? - ANSWER Sperm is
made in testes, while eggs are made in ovaries. Egg precursors in the ovaries are not stem cells, and
therefore cannot multiply.
What is the actual path of the sperm through the female reproductive anatomy? - ANSWER The sperm is
ejaculated into the vagina, enters the cervix, travels through the uterus and eventually making its way to
the oviduct.
What is the process of "capacitation," where does it occur, and why is it an all important step for
successful fertilization? - ANSWER Sperm are activated by chemicals from the oviduct in order to fertilize
the egg. The sperm capacitates, meaning gains capacity.
Describe the real journey of the sperm. - ANSWER They mature in seminiferous tubes, this tubular
system transport them out into the testis. Flood flow causes erection helping block the urethra and
urine, so ejaculation can occur as well as the vaginal journey.
What happens when the sperm and egg meet each other? - ANSWER The Zona proteins bind them
together, as well as serving as a guide to the cell membrane of the egg. The Pellucida from the Zona
helps prevent ectopic pregnancies as they must bind to the womb only.
How many sensory receptors packed into the surface area of the skin? - ANSWER 640,000 Sensory
Receptors
From which embryonic cell layer does the skin arise? How does Montagu describe the implications of
this? - ANSWER The Ectoderm. It constitutes general service covering and is sort of the external central
nervous system, allowing the organism to know whats occurring on the outside of the body.
What are the seven primary functions of the skin, according to Montagu? Which additional function was
discussed in lecture? - ANSWER 1. Protection 2. Heat Regulation 3. Secretion 4. Excretion 5. Sensation 6.
Absorption 7. Immune defense 8. Food and water reservoir
What is the influence of gentle handling on the development of rats, according to the Wistar study?
What are some of the ways in which other species stimulate the skin of their newborn shortly after
birth? - ANSWER The rats lived longer and did better in lab situations. Gentled rats could lose
parathyroid secretion and still live. Other species stimulate their young by licking.
What is the meaning of the term "exterogestation?" Who first coined the term? - ANSWER
Exterogestation is the continuation of development outside of the womb. Montagu coiuned the term.
, Describe the typical pattern of brain growth during the first three years of life. (Consult the diagram,
Table 5, Growth of the Human Brain, taken from Ashley Montagu's work that appears in Unit One beside
the assigned reading list.) During which periods is the infant's brain growth the fastest? What about the
last months' pattern of prenatal growth? Know what happens during the first year of life after birth. How
long does it take for the brain size to approximately double? To triple? - ANSWER from 6-8 months of
growth a threefold increase occurs, while at birth about a third of that weight was added to the
previous. From birth to 6 months outside the womb it nearly doubles in weight again while only about a
half the next 6 months then a third, then a gradual deceleration.
What did Harry Harlow do to investigate the nature of mothering with rhesus monkeys? What were his
main findings? - ANSWER Harry Harlow created mothers from different mediums including wire, cone
and cloth including either lactation or none to see the behavior and comfort of baby monkeys. Comfort
was a necessary variable in love and affection. Nipple contact plays an important role.
Describe his work with "motherless mothers." Who were they? What implications does this have for
understanding mothering in the context of human development? - ANSWER Mothers who need more
contact then infants fiend foe intimate contact. If you aren't given proper love and affection as a child it
will be hard for to give that to your child once an adult.
What is the importance of basic trust? - ANSWER This means all of a babies developmental needs will be
met and is important for later development and growth.
Which zone corresponds to the stage of Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust? - ANSWER First stage, infancy-18
months.
What is the significance of Erikson's epigenetic chart? In what way does it show a truly dynamic
relationship of the eight Ages (or stages) of the human life cycle? - ANSWER It proves we develop
through the unfolding of our personality through stages influenced and predetermined by our
environment and cultural influence.
Please be familiar, in a general sense, with the eight stages as outlined by Erikson (knowing,for instance,
that Identity vs. Role Confusion is Erikson's formulation for the challenges faced by adolescents). What
are the 8 stages? - ANSWER 1. Trust vs Mistrust- Needs met = development of basic trust.
2. Autonomy vs Shame/doubt- Toddlers gain independence and may also to doubt their abilities.
3.Initiative vs Guilt- Preschoolers gain ability to initiate tasks, but may also feel guilty about failing
independent efforts.
4. Industry vs Inferiority- Children feels pleasure applying their skills in a task or they may feel
incompetent or inferior.
5. Identity vs Confusion- Teenagers work to gain a sense of identity through role testing, if not they may
become confused about who they are.
6. Intimacy vs Isolation- Young adults have a hard time forming relationships and gaining intimacy, they
may feel socially isolated.
7. Generativity vs Stagnation- The middle-aged discover a sense of contribution through family or work,
if not they may feel a lack in purpose.
8. Integrity vs Despair- During a life reflection one may feel satisfaction or failure.
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