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BMSC 230- Glycogen metabolism questions with correct answers 2024/2025

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BMSC 230- Glycogen metabolism questions with correct answers 2024/2025

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  • August 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • bmsc 230
  • BMSC 230
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BMSC 230- Glycogen metabolism

describe glycogens structure and function - ANSa highly branched homopolysaccharide of
glucose

it stores glucose when it is plentiful

where is glycogen located in the body - ANSin all tissues, but predominantly the liver, and
secondly muscles

explain what linkages are present in glycogen - ANSthe main chain is α(1→4), and α(1→6)
linkages are found at branch points

what is the reducing end of a sugar - ANSthe end with a free anomeric carbon

does glycogen synthase require NRG - ANSno; it is a synthase

what is special about the reducing end of a sugar - ANSit is the end where sugars are added or
removed

glycogen has 2000 nonreducing ends

what does this mean - ANS2000 glucose residues can be added or removed, simultaneously

what is glycogenin - ANSa small protein found in the middle of glycogen, that is needed to start
synthesis of a brand new glycogen from scratch

what enzyme is found in both g.n.g and glycogen breakdown - ANSglucose-6-phosphatase

what 2 pathways must you be careful not to confuse - ANSgluconeogenesis and glycogenesis

where in the body is glucose-6-phosphatase mainly found - ANSin the liver: since one of its
functions is to maintain constant blood glucose

if glycogen is being broken down in the muscle, what step would you expect to be skipped -
ANSthe conversion of G-6-P to glucose

instead, G-6-P will simply enter the glycolytic pathway

what does glycogenesis require to get started - ANSan activated precursor: many anabolic
pathways require this

, what can we tell from the name of a "phosphorylase" enzymes - ANSit catalyzes a
phosphoryolysis rxn: splitting by adding a phosphate

careful not to confuse with phosphatase

what residues will glycogen phosphorylase remove - ANSmain chain α(1→4) linkages, and
branched chain α(1→4) linkages, UP TO 4 branched residues remaining

what does the enzyme transferase do - ANStransfers 3 branched chain glucose residues on
glycogen to the main chain, leaving only the α(1→6) linked residue remaining

what 2 enzymes are involved in converting the product of glycogen phosphorylase into glucose -
ANSphosphoglucomutase forms G-6-P, and

glucose-6-phosphatase dephosphorylates it to make glucose + Pi

does glycogen synthesis or breakdown require an activated prescursor

what is the activated precursor - ANSsynthesis

UDP-Glucose

what enzyme is used both in glycogen synthesis and breakdown - ANSphosphoglucomutase

what is the "main" enzyme that actually synthesizes glycogen - ANSglycogen synthase

what is the difference between a synthase and synthatase enzyme - ANSsynthase doesn't
require NRG

synthatase requires NRG

what does glycogen synthase need help doing when synthesizing glycogen

what provides this help - ANSadding branch points

the branching enzyme does this by removing 7 glucose residues from the main chain and
adding them as a branch

how far apart must branches on glycogen be - ANSat least 4 residues

glycogen synthase can only be directly used to add glucoses to an existing glycogen molecule.
what if we want to start a new molecule from scratch? - ANSthe protein glycogenin is a dimer:
the 1st subunit will catalyze the addition of 7 glucoses onto Tyr 194 of the second unit.

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