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Summary Mastering Biology notes for Chapter 47 Animal Defences Against Infections $6.39
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  3. University College Utrecht (UCU)
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  5. BIO13 (BIO13)

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Summary Mastering Biology notes for Chapter 47 Animal Defences Against Infections
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  • Course
  • BIO13 (BIO13)
  • Institution
  • University College Utrecht (UCU)

This document contains notes on: humoral response, antigen receptors, plasma cells, cytotoxic T-cells, cell-mediated response, B-cells, innate and adaptive immunity, phagocytosis, lymphocytes, clonal selection, memory cells, leukocytes, mast cells, helper T-cells, macrophages, MHC proteins, etc.

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  • August 20, 2024
  • 5
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • humoral response
  • mastering biology notes
  • antigen receptors
  • plasma cells
  • cytotoxic t cells
  • cell mediated response
  • b cells
  • phagocytosis
  • animal defences against infections
  • innate and adaptive immunity
  • ly

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  • University College Utrecht (UCU)
  • Liberal Arts and Sciences
  • BIO13 (BIO13)
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Unit 3 Chapter 47 Animal defenses against infection

Humoral response: plasma cells are effector cells, B cells, antibodies
Cell mediated response: cytotoxic T cells are effector cells
Both have: helper T cells and cytokines, antigen-presenting cells, memory cells

Antigen receptors embedded in their plasma membranes enable specific B cells and T cells
to recognize and bind to a specific antigen or antigen fragment. After encountering an
antigen or antigen fragment it recognizes, the lymphocyte becomes activated, triggering a
response called clonal selection (sometimes called clonal expansion). Clonal selection
produces effector cells and memory cells of the activated lymphocyte.

Plasma cells are the effector cells of the humoral response; they secrete antibodies that
neutralize or tag the foreign pathogen for destruction. Active cytotoxic T cells are the
effector cells of the cell-mediated response; they kill infected cells displaying the antigen.
Activated helper T cells stimulate the effector cells of both responses with cytokines.
The memory cells produced by clonal selection contribute to immunological memory.
Memory B cells, memory cytotoxic T cells, and memory helper T cells increase the speed and
effectiveness of the immune response to an antigen the body has encountered before.

Cytotoxic T cells and cell-mediated response




B cells and humoral immunity

, Plasma cells need a few days to produce antibodies
Plasma cell lifespan 4-5 days, memory cell lifespan 10 years

Key terms




B cells and T cells




Immune system cells and their function

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