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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM PREP
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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM PREP
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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM PREPPyrimidine - Answers -one carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purine - Answers -two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together? - Answers -condensation
What does mRNA do? - Answers -carries code out of cell.
code for protein structure.
DNA to ribosomes
end of transcription start of translation
What does tRNA do? - Answers -decodes mRNA. Matches amino acids to mRNA code.
Protein synthesis
enhancers - Answers -far from promoter
maintain a tissue-specific or cell-specific level of gene expression
Poly-A tail - Answers -keeps mRNA from being destroyed in cytoplasm
at 3' end
piece of 100-250 A's
5' cap - Answers -added to 5' end of finished mRNA
let's cell know it's ready for translation
ribosomal binding site
aminoacyl tRNA - Answers -tRNAs that carry amino acids
Ribosomes - Answers -where mRNAs and tRNAs meet
Large and small form packets (A, P and E)
catalyzes peptide bond formation b/w amino acids by rRNA
What is the path of a tRNA in a ribosome? - Answers -A ---> P ------> E
How is translation initiated? - Answers -small subunit binds to ribosomal binding site
MET anticodon binds to start codon
large subunit binds to small subunit
How is translation terminated? - Answers -stop codon is carried into small subunit by
tRNA
recognized by release factor, breaks bond b/w chain and tRNA
released from ribosome and out into cell
, reverse transcriptase - Answers -enzyme that allows RNA to go to DNA
mRNA --> ssDNA --> cDNA --> dsDNA
Pleiotrophy - Answers -a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia
cDNA - Answers -intron free complementary DNA (mRNA already spliced it)
can be inserted into a plamid
Vector - Answers -helps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus
Exons - Answers -protein info
this is what is translated
separated by introns
Open Reading Frame - Answers -sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end
with stop codons
DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA
Mass Spec - Answers -quantitate
measures amount of light passing thru
What is the wavelength of RNA or DNA in mass spec? - Answers -260 nm
What is the wavelength of protein in mass spec? - Answers -280 nm
Steps in liquid phase DNA isolation - Answers -1. Lyse
2. Separate out contaminates (by spinning)
3. Add phenol/ chloroform. Mix and separate. Remove and keep upper layer
4. Precipitate out DNA w COLD EtOH
5. Treat to remove RNA
6. Inactivate treatment
7. Deproteinization with phenol
8. Re-precip DNA with EtOH
How do you inactivate RNases? - Answers -200 degrees for 2hrs
30 min in 1M NaOH or quanidinum isothiocyanate
What does rRNA do? - Answers -part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback Inhibition - Answers -end product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
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