OB EXAM #2 (CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20)
Complications of Excessive Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Excessive weight gain may lead to several complications, including: - Macrosomia: A larger than average baby, often associated with gestational diabetes. - Cesarean Birth: Increased likelihood o...
Complications of Excessive Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Excessive weight gain may lead to several complications, including:
- Macrosomia: A larger than average baby, often associated with gestational diabetes.
- Cesarean Birth: Increased likelihood of needing a C-section.
- Low Apgar Scores: Indicator of newborn's health (a score of 7-10 is considered good).
- Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar in the newborn.
- Overweight in Children: Increased risk of childhood obesity.
Important Tests During Doctor Visits for Pregnant Patients
During a doctor's visit, the following should be checked:
- Vital Signs: Especially blood pressure.
- Weight: Monitoring for appropriate gain.
- Urine Tests: To detect any possible issues such as proteinuria.
Recommended Weight Gain During Pregnancy
- First Trimester:
- Recommended weight gain is 1 to 2 kg (2.2 to 4.4 lb.) due to limited fetal growth.
- Second/Third Trimester:
- Recommended weight gain is about 0.4 kg (1 lb.) per week.
,Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculation
- Formula: BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m²)
- Example Calculation:
- Weight = 51 kg, Height = 1.57 m,
- BMI = 51 / (1.57 × 1.57) = 20.7.
Factors Increasing Risk for Inadequate Weight Gain
Women at risk for inadequate weight gain include those who are:
- Young
- Unmarried
- Of low income
- Poorly educated
- In poor general health
- Smoking or abusing substances
- Lacking prenatal care
Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infants
- Defined as infants weighing less than 2500 grams at birth.
Energy Needs Assessment
Energy needs during pregnancy are influenced by:
- BMI and current weight
,- Pattern of weight gain throughout pregnancy
- Hazards of inadequate weight gain
- Risks associated with excessive weight gain, particularly in conditions like preeclampsia
Key Nutritional Periods and Requirements
- Embryonic and Fetal Development: Occurs primarily during the first trimester.
- Folic Acid: Critical in the periconceptional period to prevent neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida) due
to inadequate intake.
- Fluid Intake: Pregnant women should aim for 8-10 cups (about 1.9-2.4 liters) of fluid daily.
- Caffeine Intake: Should be limited to no more than 200 mg (about 2-3 cups of coffee) per day to reduce
risks of miscarriage and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
Nutritional Roles
- Carbohydrates: Main source of energy and fiber.
- Protein: Provides necessary amino acids for fetal and maternal tissue growth.
- Fat: Supports fetal fat deposits.
Iron Needs During Pregnancy
- Importance: Prevents maternal anemia.
- Food Sources: Red meat, poultry, seafood, beans, dark leafy greens, and dried fruits.
, - Absorption:
- Improved by: Vitamin C (e.g., orange juice).
- Interfered by: Milk products.
- Best absorbed on an empty stomach, ideally between meals with vitamin C-rich foods.
- Adverse Effects of Iron Supplements:
- Stomach discomfort.
- Constipation (stool softeners may help).
- Black, tarry stools.
Vitamins during Pregnancy
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, K (stored in body tissues).
- Water-Soluble Vitamins:
- Folic Acid: Important for increased red blood cell production.
- Vitamin C: Supports tissue formation and iron absorption.
Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements
Some women may need to take multivitamin-multimineral supplements alongside a well-balanced diet.
PICA
- Definition: Eating non-food items (e.g., clay, dirt, laundry starch) or excessive amounts of low-nutrition
foods.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller CertifiedGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.69. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
