APK3400 Final Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
Attention - ANSWERSis a state of focused awareness on a subset of the available perceptual information.
Distractor - ANSWERSA _________ is an environmental stimulus that diverts attention away from
performance-relevant cues.
Concentration - ANSWERSis a state of focused attention on task and is resistant to distraction from
irrelevant external or internal stimuli.
Perception - ANSWERSinvolves the processes that organize and interpret sensory information as having
been produced by the properties of objects or events in the external, three-dimensional world.
Narrow-external - ANSWERSIf a QB's attention is focused on 1 single receiver the QB is utilizing
___________ attention.
Narrow-internal - ANSWERSIf a QB is mentally rehearsing (imagining) the proper throwing motion, the
QB is utilizing ___________ attention.
Broad-external - ANSWERSIf a QB attends to receivers as they run routes, and simultaneously assesses
the defensive backfield's coverage scheme, the QB is utilizing ___________ attention.
Broad-internal - ANSWERSIf a QB is considering multiple plays to call while in the huddle, and the QB is
evaluating which play would be best given the defenses past schemes and the likelihood of the scheme
they will use on the next play, the QB is utilizing ___________ attention.
Discovery - ANSWERSWith ___________ learning, athletes are given time to figure out, on their own,
how to successfully perform a skill.
,Explicit - ANSWERSWith ___________ learning, the coach provides the athlete with specific, step by step
instructions on how to successfully perform a skill.
Analogy - ANSWERSWith ___________ learning, the coach provides the athlete an example or an
illustration of what the movement should be like.
Errorless - ANSWERSWith ___________ learning, a task is modified to increase the likelihood of
successful performance.
Stable and Internal - ANSWERSAbility is considered a(n) _______ and ________ attribute
Outcome Goal Orientation - ANSWERSJoe is always concerned with comparing his ability to others and
to winning. Joe thus has a:
Autonomous Competence
Social Comparison
Integrated Stage - ANSWERSWhat are the stages of achievement motivation development?
Performance environment where they have a 75% chance of success - ANSWERSWhich of the following
performance situations would a low achiever be most likely to seek out?
Competitiveness - ANSWERS"A disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with a
standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others" is the definition of:
-Low achievers often become preoccupied with failure thoughts.
-High achievers enjoy evaluating their abilities.
-High achievers have high motive to achieve success and low motive to avoid failure. - ANSWERSWhich
of the following are correct concerning summarized findings related to Need Achievement Theory?
past performance accomplishments - ANSWERSThe strongest and most dependable information on
which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from
,performance; self-efficacy - ANSWERSSubstantial research indicates that although these two factors
influence one another, __________ exerts more influence on __________ .
Controllable - ANSWERSIrregardless of whether a performance was successful or unsuccessful,
Attribution Theory asserts that all desirable attributions will possess a __________ component.
change; protected - ANSWERSDue to the uncontrollable nature of attributing a performance outcome to
Luck, such an attribution would never be completely ideal. However if a Failure outcome was attributed
to a case of "bad luck," the performer's self-efficacy would likely benefit, at least short-term, because the
source of the failure is likely to _________ in the future and the performer's ego would likely be
_________.
Attribution Theory - ANSWERSSelf-efficacy training aimed at improving performers explanations of why
successes or failures occurred is self-efficacy training based on principles of
Embodied Cognition - ANSWERSSelf-efficacy training aimed at modifying performers' perceptions by
adjusting their overt behaviors (postures, dress, expressions, etc.) is self-efficacy training based on
principles of
Social Learning - ANSWERSSelf-efficacy training aimed at modifying performers' perceptions of efficacy
by having them observe ideal, modeled behaviors, is self-efficacy training based on principles of
Verbal Persuasion - ANSWERSSelf-efficacy training aimed at influencing performers' perceptions of
efficacy by controlling the feedback they receive, is self-efficacy training based on principles of
Instructional and Motivational - ANSWERSAccording to Hardy (2006), the general functions of self-talk
include _________ and __________.
All senses - ANSWERSThe Modality characteristic of Imagery indicates that mental imagery can involve
the __________ sense.
Sub-functions - ANSWERSHardy (2006) identifies five _________ of self-talk, which include cognitive
specific; cognitive general; mastery, arousal, and persistence.
, Neural Adaptation - ANSWERSExperimental studies have shown similar activation of brain regions when
participants imagine completing a task and when participants actually perform the task. These studies
indicate that ____________ is one mechanism by which mental imagery influences future performances.
Mechanisms - ANSWERSAccording to Hardy (2009), self-talk several __________ are responsible for the
influence that self-talk has on performance.
Neuromuscular Activation - ANSWERSExperimental studies have shown increased muscle activation in
performance related muscles when participants imagine completing a movement task. These studies
indicate that ____________ is one mechanism by which mental imagery influences future performances.
Consequences - ANSWERSAccording to Hardy (2009), self-talk elicits cognitive, motivational,
performance, motor behavior, and affective
imagery scripts that direct the performers attention to a multitude of environmental stimuli while they
imagine executing important movements - ANSWERSWhich of the following situations involving the use
of imagery might result in detrimental performance outcomes?
Antecendents - ANSWERSAccording to Hardy (2009), self-talk is influenced by personal and situational
__________. However the research informing this hypothesis is limited and retrospective.
Functionally equivalent to - ANSWERSThe overarching principle that guides PETTLEP based imagery
interventions, is that mental imagery should aim to be ______________ actual performance.
From the 1st person perspective - ANSWERSAccording to the PETTLEP imagery model, performers should
imagine completing tasks
Characteristics - ANSWERSAccording to Hardy (2006), automaticity, frequency, overtness, valence, and
interpretation are __________ of self-talk.
Implicit learning - ANSWERSis a mode of instruction that facilitates rule-free skill acquisition.
