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Nurs 5315 Adv Patho Exam 1 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. $12.49   Add to cart

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Nurs 5315 Adv Patho Exam 1 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

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Nurs 5315 Adv Patho Exam 1 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

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  • August 21, 2024
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  • Nurs 5315
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Wisdoms
Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS




Atrophy ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-E. ,Cells ,decrease ,in ,size

P. ,Still ,functional; ,imbalance ,between ,protein ,synthesis ,and ,degradation. ,Essentially ,there ,is ,an ,incre
ase ,in ,the ,catabolism ,of ,intracellular ,organelles, ,reducing ,structural ,components ,of ,cell

Physiologic: ,thymus ,gland ,in ,early ,childhood

Pathological: ,disuse ,
(muscle ,atrophy ,d/ ,decrease ,workload, ,pressure, ,use, ,blood ,supply, ,nutrition, ,hormonal ,stimulation, ,
or ,nervous ,stimulation)

Hyperplasia ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-E: ,cells ,increase ,in ,number, ,mitosis ,
(cell ,division) ,must ,occur, ,size ,of ,cell ,does ,not ,change ,

Phys: ,increased ,rate ,of ,division, ,increase ,in ,tissue ,mass ,after ,damage ,or ,partial ,resection; ,may ,be ,co
mpensatory, ,hormonal, ,or ,pathologic

Patho: ,abnormal ,proliferation ,of ,normal ,cells ,usually ,caused ,by ,increased ,hormonal ,stimulation ,
(endometrial). ,increase ,of ,production ,of ,local ,growth ,factors

Ex: ,removal ,of ,part ,of ,the ,liver ,lead ,to ,hyperplasia ,of ,hepatocytes. ,uterine ,or ,mammary ,gland ,enlar
gement ,during ,pregnancy

Dysplasia ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
E. ,Not ,true ,adaptation; ,Cells ,abnormal ,change ,in ,size, ,shape, ,organization ,
(classified ,as ,mild, ,moderate, ,severe)

,P. ,caused ,by ,cell
,injury/irritation, ,characterized ,by ,disordered ,cell ,growth. ,aka ,atypical ,hyperplasia ,or ,pre-
cancer, ,a ,disorderly ,proliferation

Physiologic: ,N/A

Pathologic: ,squamous ,dysplasia ,of ,cervix ,from ,HPV ,shows ,up ,on ,pap ,smear, ,breast ,cancer ,developm
ent; ,pap ,smears ,often ,show ,dysplastic ,cells ,of ,the ,cervix ,that ,must ,undergo ,laser/surgical ,tx

Metaplasia ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
E: ,reversible ,change, ,one ,type ,of ,cell ,changes ,to ,another ,type ,for ,survival ,

P: ,reversible; ,results ,from ,exposure ,of ,the ,cells ,to ,chronic ,stressors, ,injury, ,or ,irritation; ,Cancer ,can ,
arise ,from ,this ,area, ,stimulus ,induces ,a ,reprogramming ,of ,stem ,cells ,under ,the ,influence ,of ,cytokine
s ,and ,growth ,factors ,

Ex: ,Patho: ,Columnar ,cells ,change ,to ,squamous ,cells ,in ,lungs ,of ,smoker ,or ,normal ,ciliated ,epithelial ,c
ells ,of ,the ,bronchial ,linings ,are ,replaced ,by ,stratified ,squamous ,epithelial ,cells.; ,Phys: ,Barrett ,Esopha
gus- ,normal ,squamous ,cells ,change ,to ,columnar ,epithelial ,cells ,in ,response ,to ,reflux, ,aka ,intestinal ,
metaplasia

Hypoxia ,injury ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-E. ,inadequate ,oxygenation ,of ,tissues

P. ,decrease ,in ,mitochondrial ,function, ,decreased ,production ,of ,ATP ,increases ,anaerobic ,metabolism.
,eventual ,cell ,death.


C.M. ,hypoxia, ,cyanosis, ,cognitive ,impairment, ,lethargy

Free ,radical ,and ,ROS ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
E. ,normal ,byproduct ,of ,ATP ,production, ,will ,overwhelm ,the ,mitochondria- ,exhaust ,intracellular ,antio
xidants

P. ,lipid ,peroxidation, ,damage ,proteins, ,fragment ,DNA

C.M. ,development ,in ,Alzheimer's, ,heart ,disease, ,Parkinson's ,disease, ,Amyotrophic ,Lateral ,Sclerosis

Ethanol ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-E. ,mood ,altering ,drug, ,long ,term ,effects ,on ,liver ,and ,nutritional ,status

P. ,metabolized ,by ,liver, ,generates ,free ,radicals

C.M. ,CNS ,depression, ,nutrient ,deficiencies-
Mag, ,Vit ,B6, ,thiamine, ,PO4, ,inflammation ,and ,fatty ,infiltration ,of ,liver, ,hepatomegaly, ,leads ,to ,liver ,
failure ,irreversible

Oncosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
Na ,and ,H2O ,enter ,cell ,and ,cause ,swelling. ,Organ ,increases ,in ,weight, ,becomes ,distended ,and ,pale. ,
Associated ,with ,high ,fever, ,hypocalcemia, ,certain ,infections

,Fatty ,Infiltration ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-intracellular ,accumulation ,of ,lipids ,in ,the ,liver

liver ,fails ,to ,metabolize ,lipids. ,usually ,from ,ETOH ,or ,high ,fat ,diet. ,can ,lead ,to ,cirrhosis

dystrophic ,calcification ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-accumulation ,of ,Ca ,in ,dead ,or ,dying ,tissues

calcium ,salt ,clump ,and ,harden- ,interfere ,with ,cellular ,structure ,and ,function

r/t ,pulmonary ,TB, ,atherosclerosis, ,injured ,heart ,valves, ,chronic ,pancreatitis

metastatic ,calcification ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-accumulation ,of ,Ca ,in ,normal ,tissue

result ,of ,hypercalcemia ,r/
t ,hyperparathyroidism, ,hyperthyroidism, ,toxic ,levels ,of ,Vit ,D. ,Can ,also ,r/
t ,hyperphosphatemia ,in ,renal ,failure

urate ,accumulation ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
sodium ,urate ,crystals ,are ,deposited ,in ,tissues- ,group ,of ,disorders ,collectively ,called ,gout- ,acute ,arth
ritis, ,chronic ,gouty ,arthritis, ,tophus, ,nephritis

Coagulative ,Necrosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-kidneys, ,heart, ,adrenals- ,secondary ,to ,hypoxia

Liquefactive ,Necrosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-nerve ,cells- ,brain- ,accumulation ,of ,pus

Caseous ,Necrosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-lung ,disease- ,usually ,TB- ,tissue ,looks ,like ,clumped ,cheese

Fat ,Necrosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-breast, ,pancreas, ,abdominal ,structures- ,creates ,soaps

Gangrenous ,Necrosis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Dry- ,dark ,shriveled ,skin

Wet- ,internal ,organs- ,can ,lead ,to ,death

Gas- ,from ,clostridium- ,antitoxins ,and ,hyperbaric ,therapy

Gout ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-E. ,disturbances ,in ,serum ,urate ,levels. ,uncommon ,for ,< ,30 ,years ,old. ,

P. ,uric ,acid ,is ,deposited ,in ,the ,tissues ,of ,kidney, ,heart, ,earlobes, ,and ,joints. ,

C.M. ,inflammation, ,painful ,joints. ,result ,of ,diuretic ,use ,or ,diet ,high ,in ,cream ,sauces, ,red ,wine, ,or ,re
d ,meat

Rhabdomyolysis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
E. ,cell ,hypoxia ,caused ,by ,severe ,muscle ,trauma, ,hyperthermia, ,crush ,injuries, ,or ,severe ,dehydration

P. ,hypoxia ,to ,cell ,causes ,failure ,of ,the ,Na-
K ,pump, ,causing ,accumulation ,of ,intracellular ,sodium, ,oncosis, ,and ,eventual ,cell ,death. ,Cell ,death ,re
leases ,enzymes ,such ,as ,CK, ,uric ,acid, ,LDH, ,AST, ,etc.

, C.M. ,Causes: ,trauma, ,hyperthermia, ,crush ,injuries, ,severe ,dehydration;
,s/s: ,CK ,is ,5x ,upper ,normal ,limit, ,muscle ,pain, ,weakness, ,dark, ,reddish-
brown ,urine, ,hypercalcemia, ,renal ,failure

Alpha ,Fetoprotein ,Origin ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Liver ,and ,germ ,cell ,tumors

Carcinoembryonic ,Antigen ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-GI, ,pancreas, ,lung, ,breast ,tumors

Prostate ,Specific ,Antigen ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-prostate ,tumors

Carcino- ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-from ,epithelial ,tissue- ,renal ,cell ,carcinoma

Sarco- ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-from ,connective ,tissue- ,chondrosarcoma

Carcinoma ,in ,situ ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
preinvasive ,epithelial ,malignant ,tumors ,of ,glandular ,or ,squamous ,cells- ,cervix

Lung ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Multiple ,organs ,including ,brain

Colorectal ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Liver, ,lungs

Testicular ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Liver, ,lungs, ,brain

Prostate ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Bones ,(especially ,lumbar ,spine), ,liver

Head ,and ,neck ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Liver, ,bones, ,lymphatics

Ovarian ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Peritoneal ,surfaces, ,diaphragm, ,omentum, ,liver

Sarcoma ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-Lungs

Melanoma ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-In ,transit ,lymphatics, ,lung, ,liver, ,brain, ,GI ,tract

Mechanisms ,of ,ca ,metastasis ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-
Local ,invasion, ,followed ,by ,invasion ,of ,surrounding ,tissues. ,Cells ,then ,may ,invade ,blood ,and ,lympha
tic ,vessels. ,They ,must ,survive ,in ,circulation, ,then ,enter ,and ,survive ,in ,a ,new ,location. ,Then ,the ,cells
,can ,multiply ,and ,form ,a ,new ,tumor.


TNM ,staging ,system ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-T= ,tumor ,size ,>/= ,correlates ,with ,metastatic ,ability ,

N= ,whether ,lymph ,nodes ,are ,involved ,

M= ,extra ,nodal ,involvement ,(liver, ,lungs)

Intravascular ,fluid ,compartment ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-In ,venous ,system- ,20%

Osmolality ,- ,(correct ,answer) ,-The ,measure ,of ,solute ,concentration ,in ,a ,fluid. ,

280-295 ,mOsm

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