NR 503 Epidemiology Midtem
Question 1:
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in epidemiology?
a) Screening for breast cancer
b) Immunization against measles
c) Treating hypertension
d) Conducting a population survey on smoking habits
Correct Answer: b) Immunization against measles
Question 2:
The epidemiologic triad consists of which three components?
a) Host, Environment, Vector
b) Agent, Host, Environment
c) Pathogen, Vector, Host
d) Vector, Agent, Environment
Correct Answer: b) Agent, Host, Environment
Question 3:
In a case-control study, the main measure of association is the:
a) Relative Risk
b) Odds Ratio
c) Attributable Risk
d) Incidence Rate
Correct Answer: b) Odds Ratio
Question 4:
Which of the following study designs is best suited for establishing a temporal
relationship between exposure and outcome?
,a) Cross-sectional study
b) Case-control study
c) Cohort study
d) Ecological study
Correct Answer: c) Cohort study
Question 5:
Which type of bias occurs when the selection of participants into a study is not
independent of the exposure status?
a) Information bias
b) Recall bias
c) Selection bias
d) Observer bias
Correct Answer: c) Selection bias
Question 6:
The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the:
a) Number of new cases in a population during a specific time period
b) Total number of cases in a population at a given time
c) Number of deaths due to a disease in a specific time period
d) Proportion of the population affected by the disease at a specific time
Correct Answer: a) Number of new cases in a population during a specific time
period
Question 7:
What is the term for the percentage of individuals who are correctly identified as
having a disease by a screening test?
a) Specificity
b) Sensitivity
,c) Positive Predictive Value
d) Negative Predictive Value
Correct Answer: b) Sensitivity
Question 8:
Which of the following factors is most likely to result in a confounding variable in an
epidemiological study?
a) Random assignment
b) Large sample size
c) A variable related to both exposure and outcome
d) Accurate data collection
Correct Answer: c) A variable related to both exposure and outcome
Question 9:
Which type of study is most likely to suffer from recall bias?
a) Case-control study
b) Cohort study
c) Randomized controlled trial
d) Cross-sectional study
Correct Answer: a) Case-control study
Question 10:
A relative risk greater than 1 in an epidemiological study suggests that:
a) The exposure is protective
b) There is no association between exposure and outcome
c) The exposure increases the risk of the outcome
d) The outcome is due to chance
Correct Answer: c) The exposure increases the risk of the outcome
, Question 11:
Which of the following is a common feature of descriptive epidemiology?
a) Hypothesis testing
b) Determining causality
c) Identifying patterns of disease occurrence
d) Conducting clinical trials
Correct Answer: c) Identifying patterns of disease occurrence
Question 12:
What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in epidemiology?
a) Reduce the incidence of disease
b) Prevent complications from disease
c) Identify and treat diseases in their early stages
d) Eradicate disease from a population
Correct Answer: c) Identify and treat diseases in their early stages
Question 13:
In a population, the proportion of people who have a specific disease at a given point
in time is called:
a) Incidence
b) Prevalence
c) Morbidity rate
d) Mortality rate
Correct Answer: b) Prevalence
Question 14:
The concept of herd immunity is important in the prevention of which type of
diseases?
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