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MCT Exam 1 - IUSM (INDY) Exam with correct answers 2024 $19.99
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MCT Exam 1 - IUSM (INDY) Exam with correct answers 2024
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DNA packaging: goes from....correct answers Double helix -> chromatin -> chromosomes Nucleosomes are made up ofcorrect answers Core proteins: H2A, H2B, H3, H4 200 bp of DNA ish H1 linker histones bind to DNA Histone code hypothesis statescorrect answers Covalent modification of histon...

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  • August 21, 2024
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MCT Exam 1 - IUSM (INDY)

DNA packaging: goes from....correct answers Double helix -> chromatin ->
chromosomes

Nucleosomes are made up ofcorrect answers Core proteins: H2A, H2B, H3, H4
200 bp of DNA ish
H1 linker histones bind to DNA

Histone code hypothesis statescorrect answers Covalent modification of histone
residues via the N-tail of core histones affect the transcriptional status of DNA

Histone acetylation works bycorrect answers neutralizing the charges on histones and
loosens up the interactions between histones and DNA

Levels of DNA condensation can be assed via treating nuclei withcorrect answers
DNase 1

Centromeres are important because theycorrect answers hold the 2 sister chromatids
together and also act as a point of attachment of the kinetochore where microtubules of
mitotic spindles attach

Acrocentric chromosomes includecorrect answers 13,14,15,21,22

Telomere tandem sequence iscorrect answers TTAGGG

What type of stain is typically used in chromosome stainingcorrect answers Giesma
stain

Aneuploidycorrect answers Abnormal number of chromosomes.

Haploid genome is composed ofcorrect answers 3.3 billion base pairs, 23 chromosomes

True or false:
50% of the human genome is protein coding sequencecorrect answers False only about
1.5% of the genome is protein-coding.

Less than 50% is even single copy sequence

Repetivie nuclear genome can be broken down intocorrect answers Segemental
duplications
Small repetetive DNA sequences

,Segmental duplication is made up ofcorrect answers Whole regions and individual
genes (rRNA)

Small repetetive DNA can be broken down intocorrect answers Clustered and dispersed
repeats

Clustered repeats includecorrect answers Telomeres
Centromeres
Short tandem repeats

Dispersed repeats includecorrect answers SINES
LINES
Transposable elements

Transposable elements can lead to disorders such ascorrect answers PTSD
Alcoholism
ALZ
Parkinson

True or false the distribution of genes is even through a genomecorrect answers False,
there are poor and rich regions

UTRs of mRNA are important forcorrect answers post-transcriptional gene regulation

Expression analysis transcriptomics would use what test?correct answers Microarrays
RNA seq

Expression analysis proteomics would use what test?correct answers Mass spec

Mutation analysis genomics would use what test?correct answers DNA seq

Sanger sequencingcorrect answers Uses a primer to begin synthesis of new DNA

Add labeled bases which terminate synthesis when incporated

Use elctrophoresis

Variant panels are done tocorrect answers look for comon pathogenic gene variants or
alleles

Allele specific oligohybrdiziation is used forcorrect answers Detecting an absence or
presence of common mutations of gene

Normal metabolizercorrect answers 2 normal function alleles

,Intermediate metabolizercorrect answers 1 normal one no functional alleles

Poor metabolizercorrect answers 2 no functional aleles

Rapid metabolizercorrect answers 1 increased function allele

Ultra-rapid metabolizercorrect answers 2 increased function alleles

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible forcorrect answers Metabolizing
endogeneous and exogenous compounds

Synthesis of cholesterole and steroid
Synthesis of bile acid and vit D
Resposnible for drug activation or detox
Increase aq solubkity

*3 tells us what?correct answers It's the 2nd variant of an isoenzyme

CYP3A5, how would we break this down?correct answers CYP3 = family
A = subfamily
5 = isoenzyme

Tacrolimus is commonly used for kidney transplant, however it is less functional
withcorrect answers *3
*6
*7

Growing strand is extended at thecorrect answers 3' end

PCNAcorrect answers Eukaryotic version of B-clamp, it basically just increases
porccessibtiy

There are DNA replication proofreaders, these are known ascorrect answers 3'->5'
exonuclease

Exonuclease moves incorrect nucleotides at thecorrect answers 3' end

Which DNA polymerase does not have a proofreading mechanism directly
attachedcorrect answers Alpha

Polymerase alpha functioncorrect answers Alpha complexes with DNA primase,
initiating RNA primer, then there's a short stretch of DNA

Polymerase delta functioncorrect answers Extend okazaki fragments on lagging strand

Polymerase ebsalon functioncorrect answers Extends leading strand

, Nucleosidecorrect answers nitrogenous base + sugar

What are nucleoside analogscorrect answers Modifications of nucleosides which inhbiit
DNA polymerase via an altered 3' OH on the ribose backbone

Torsional stress on DNA can be undone viacorrect answers Topoisomerase

DNA toposiomerase I does whatcorrect answers Covalently attahces to a DNA
phosphate thereby breaking a phosphodiester linkage in ONE DNA STRAND

This allows rotation relative to each other

DNA topoisomerase II does whatcorrect answers Two DNA double helicies are
interlocked, TI II creates a transient double strand break allowing the caught dNA strand
to go through the now broken strand, that is then put back together

Topoisomerase I inhibitor does whatcorrect answers acts on cleavage complex and
prevents re-ligation when replication forks collide - DS BREAK

Topoisomerase II inhibitor does whatcorrect answers Acts on cleavage complex and
prevents re-ligaiton

Give an example of anticancer topoisomerase drugcorrect answers Etoposide and
doxorubicin

Give an example of antibacterial topoisomerase drugcorrect answers Fluoroquinones
(CIpro)

Typically on the lagging strand what happens after synthesis, there's an issue.correct
answers Shorterning at 5' end of lagging strand because no place for primer to
synthesize end fragment

Telomerase is what type of enzyme?correct answers Reverse transcriptase

Deaminations of cytosine causescorrect answers C->U
5meth-C -> T

Deamunation of adenine and guaninecorrect answers A->Hypoxanthine
G->Xanthine

Oxidative damage of DNA can be cause thymine to becomecorrect answers Thymine
glycol

Oxidative damage of DNA can cause guanine to becomecorrect answers 8-Oxoguanine
(BP with adenine)

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