Initiate thiazide- type diuretic or ACEI or ARB or CCB alone or in combination - No diabetes or
CKD. greater than 60 years. BP less than 150/90 (non-black)
A. Maximize first medication before adding second or
B. Add second medication before reaching maximum dose of first medication or
C. Start ...
APEA #3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified
Initiate thiazide- type diuretic or ACEI or ARB or CCB alone or in combination - ✔✔No diabetes or
CKD. greater than 60 years. BP less than 150/90 (non-black)
A. Maximize first medication before adding second or
B. Add second medication before reaching maximum dose of first medication or
C. Start with 2 medication classes separately or as fixed-dosed combination. - ✔✔Select a drug
treatment titration strategy for blacks and white
less than 140/90 - ✔✔Age less than 60. No CKD or diabetes. BP should be
Initiate thiazide-type diuretic or CCB, alone or in combination - ✔✔recommended medications for
blacks?
Beta blockers. HF. MI. heart disease and migrains - ✔✔This BP medication is never first line on in
patients with?
Calcium Channel Blockers (dihydropyridine; DHP) (END IN "DIPINE") - ✔✔encourage in isolated
systolic hypertension and migraines, asthma, ischemic heart disease, stroke prevention.
a class of antiarrhythmic drugs used to treat tachydysrhythmias (abnormal cardiac rhythm with a
rate greater than 100 beats per minute) and hypertension (high blood pressure).
they also decrease myocardial contractility and increase cardiac blood flow or output.
remember it decreases heart rate so do not give to people who have decreased heart rate. -
✔✔CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS DOES WHAT?
ACE ends in pril/ARB ends in sartan - ✔✔These drugs are better in patients with heart failure,
diabetes, and proteinuria avoid them in pregnancy.
ACE inhibitors - ✔✔inhibits the action of angiotensin converting enzyme which is responsible for
conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2.
angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention and prevents breakdown of bradykinin
, Loop Diuretics (given to patients with edema) (furosemide/Lasix and torsemide/demadex) -
✔✔inhibits absorption of sodium and chloride in proximal and distal tubes and loop of henle.
Potassium sparing diuretics (spironolactone/Aldactone and triamterene) - ✔✔enhances the action
of thiazide and loop diuretics and counteract potassium loss by these agents.
urinalysis: may reveal proteinuria
electrolytes, creatinine, calcium
fasting lipids profile
measure BP twice in different arms 5 minutes apart
ECG-An ECG (electrocardiogram) records the electrical activity of your heart at rest. It provides
information about your heart rate and rhythm, and shows if there is enlargement of the heart due to
high blood pressure (hypertension) or evidence of a previous heart attack (myocardial infarction) -
✔✔diagnostic studies for hypertension?
ECG findings irregular QRS complexes, absent P waves and absent or variable PR intervals, LVH.
QRS complexes are narrow rather than wide
3.5 to 5 - ✔✔normal potassium values?
clinical manifestation of hyperkalemia - ✔✔weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure,
EKG changes tall peaked T waves with a shortened QT interval and arrhythmias.
presbycusis - ✔✔the most common hearing loss in the elderly
widened pulse pressure - ✔✔aortic regurgitation is characterized by an elevated systolic and
decrease diastolic called?
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