MCAT: Biochemistry Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Verified
What is the function of chaperone proteins in cellular biology?
Chaperone proteins assist in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and prevent
misfolding or aggregation.
Describe the role ...
MCAT: Biochemistry Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Verified
What is the function of chaperone proteins in cellular biology?
✔✔Chaperone proteins assist in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and prevent
misfolding or aggregation.
Describe the role of ATP in cellular energy transfer.
✔✔ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group through
hydrolysis, which drives biochemical reactions.
How do allosteric enzymes differ from non-allosteric enzymes?
✔✔Allosteric enzymes are regulated by the binding of molecules at sites other than the active
site, which can alter their activity, while non-allosteric enzymes are not regulated in this manner.
What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
1
,✔✔The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids
(smooth ER) and in the processing and folding of proteins.
Explain the process of glycolysis and its overall significance in cellular metabolism.
✔✔Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH; it is a key
pathway for energy production in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
What role do cofactors play in enzyme function?
✔✔Cofactors are non-protein molecules or ions that bind to enzymes and are necessary for their
catalytic activity.
Describe the function of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in metabolism.
✔✔The citric acid cycle generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and
produces ATP, playing a crucial role in the aerobic production of energy.
2
,What is the importance of the phosphorylation of proteins in cellular signaling?
✔✔Phosphorylation of proteins often activates or deactivates them, thereby regulating cellular
signaling pathways and various biological processes.
How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?
✔✔The enzyme's three-dimensional structure, including its active site, determines its specificity
for substrates and its catalytic efficiency.
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?
✔✔NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which drives the
production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
What is the function of ubiquitin in protein regulation?
✔✔Ubiquitin tags proteins for degradation by the proteasome, helping to regulate protein levels
and remove damaged or misfolded proteins.
3
, Describe the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition in enzyme kinetics.
✔✔Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active
site, while non-competitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to a different site, altering
enzyme activity.
What role does the liver play in carbohydrate metabolism?
✔✔The liver regulates blood glucose levels by converting excess glucose to glycogen for storage
and by performing gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Explain the significance of isoenzymes in metabolism.
✔✔Isoenzymes are different forms of the same enzyme that catalyze the same reaction but may
have different properties, allowing for regulation and adaptation in different tissues.
How does the structure of a lipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SterlingScores. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.90. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
