2024 NR 509 FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Risk for prostate CA - CORRECT-ANSWERSAge, ethnicity, and family history
are the strongest risk factors for prostate cancer.
What causes the S3 sound? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Children/young adults:
rapid deceleration of the column of blood against the ventricular wall.
- Older adults: usually indicates a pathologic change in ventricular
compliance.
What causes a split S2 - CORRECT-ANSWERSDuring inspiration, the right
heart filling time is increased, which increases right ventricular stroke
volume and the duration of right ventricular ejection compared with the
neighboring left ventricle. This delays the closure of the pulmonic valve, P2,
splitting S2 into its two audible components.
Suspicious breast mass - CORRECT-ANSWERS-A mobile mass that becomes
fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if
fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral
fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying
tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Why venous insufficiency causes ulceration - CORRECT-ANSWERSchronic
obstruction and incompetent valves in the deep venous system
What do you feel when palpating the chest - CORRECT-ANSWERSright
ventricle
Listening for extra heart sounds (mitral stenosis) - CORRECT-ANSWERSleft
lateral decubitus
cardiovascular ROS - CORRECT-ANSWERSSOB, syncope, edema, chest pain,
orthopnea
preservation - CORRECT-ANSWERSpersistent repetition of words or ideas
pancreatitis pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSEpigastric, may radiate straight to the
back or other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ
failure
, cricoid cartilage - CORRECT-ANSWERS
Mongolian spots - CORRECT-ANSWERSareas of deep bluish-gray
pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn.
3 year old development - CORRECT-ANSWERS-pedals tricycle, jumps in
place.
-balance on 1 foot at 4yo
Risk for Breast cancer - CORRECT-ANSWERS--*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed
estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst - CORRECT-ANSWERSSoft to firm, round,
mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast - CORRECT-
ANSWERS-Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then
move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the
clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Caused by overgrowth of
anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal
walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
CORRECT ANSWERS
Risk for prostate CA - CORRECT-ANSWERSAge, ethnicity, and family history
are the strongest risk factors for prostate cancer.
What causes the S3 sound? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Children/young adults:
rapid deceleration of the column of blood against the ventricular wall.
- Older adults: usually indicates a pathologic change in ventricular
compliance.
What causes a split S2 - CORRECT-ANSWERSDuring inspiration, the right
heart filling time is increased, which increases right ventricular stroke
volume and the duration of right ventricular ejection compared with the
neighboring left ventricle. This delays the closure of the pulmonic valve, P2,
splitting S2 into its two audible components.
Suspicious breast mass - CORRECT-ANSWERS-A mobile mass that becomes
fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if
fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral
fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying
tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Why venous insufficiency causes ulceration - CORRECT-ANSWERSchronic
obstruction and incompetent valves in the deep venous system
What do you feel when palpating the chest - CORRECT-ANSWERSright
ventricle
Listening for extra heart sounds (mitral stenosis) - CORRECT-ANSWERSleft
lateral decubitus
cardiovascular ROS - CORRECT-ANSWERSSOB, syncope, edema, chest pain,
orthopnea
preservation - CORRECT-ANSWERSpersistent repetition of words or ideas
pancreatitis pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSEpigastric, may radiate straight to the
back or other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ
failure
, cricoid cartilage - CORRECT-ANSWERS
Mongolian spots - CORRECT-ANSWERSareas of deep bluish-gray
pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn.
3 year old development - CORRECT-ANSWERS-pedals tricycle, jumps in
place.
-balance on 1 foot at 4yo
Risk for Breast cancer - CORRECT-ANSWERS--*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed
estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst - CORRECT-ANSWERSSoft to firm, round,
mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast - CORRECT-
ANSWERS-Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then
move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the
clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Caused by overgrowth of
anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal
walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
