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Summary Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry - Chapter 3

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Provides an in-depth and simple summary for the IGCSE exams.

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1|Page Cambridge IGCSE™ Chemistry 18/08/2024


Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 — Atomic Structure
Made by Kenneth E. Husin
Table of Contents

• Atomic Structure

• The Proton Number and Nucleon Number

o Introduction

o Proton Number

 Different proton numbers

o Nucleon Number

o Representing the Proton and Nucleon Number

• Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms

o Outer Shell Electrons

• Isotopes

o Properties of Isotopes

o Calculating the Relative Atomic Masses of an Element

• Review Questions and Sources

Atomic Structure

All mater is made up of atoms. Atoms are �ny and can only be seen using an advanced
microscope that can magnify millions of �mes. However, atoms are made up of smaller par�cles. They
are called ‘subatomic par�cles’. These subatomic par�cles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

An example of atoms having subatomic par�cles is Helium gas (He). Inside the Helium atom
are subatomic par�cles. The subatomic par�cles are:

- A proton

o Has a rela�ve charge of +1;


ATOMIC STRUCTURE KENNETH

, 2|Page Cambridge IGCSE™ Chemistry 18/08/2024

o Has a rela�ve mass of 1;

o Is represented by the symbol p.

- A neutron

o Has a rela�ve charge of 0;

o Has a rela�ve mass of 1;

o Is represented by the symbol n.

- An electron

o Has a rela�ve charge of -1;
1
o Has a rela�ve mass of ;
1840

o Is represented by the symbol e.

The proton and neutrons

- Are �ghtly packed together in the center of an atom;

- Together, they form the nucleus of the atom.

The electrons move rapidly around the nucleus.

The Proton Number and Nucleon Number

Introduction

- Helium (He)

o 2 protons

o 2 electrons

o 2 neutrons

- Lithium (Li)

o 3 protons

o 3 electrons

o 4 neutrons

- Beryllium (Be)

o 4 protons

o 4 electrons

o 5 neutrons


ATOMIC STRUCTURE KENNETH

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