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IB Biology HL Exam Review questions with correct answers
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IB Biology HL Exam Review questions with correct answers
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IB Biology HL Exam Review questionswith correct answers
Outline the cell theory. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Living organisms are composed of cells.
Cells are the smallest unit of life.
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Discuss the evidence for the cell theory. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ The nature of scientific
theories could be introduced here: the accumulation of evidence that allows a hypothesis to become
a theory; whether a theory should be abandoned when there is evidence that it does not offer a full
explanation; and what evidence is needed for a theory to be adopted or rejected.
State that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life (Name the six functions).
- .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Metabolism, response, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and
nutrition.
Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles, and
cells using the appropriate SI unit. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Molecules: 1 nm
Thickness of membranes: 10 nm
Viruses: 100 nm
Bacteria: 1 um
Organelles: (up to) 10 um
Most cells: (up to) 100 um
Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.
- .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ The rate of heat production/waste production/resource consumption
of a cell is a function of its volume, whereas the rate of exchange of materials and energy (heat) is a
function of its surface area.
, State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties. [pen analogy]
- .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Emergent properties arise from the interaction of component parts:
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
How do multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions?
- .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ By expressing some of their genes but not others.
What two abilities do stem cells have? - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Stem cells retain the capacity to
divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways.
Outline one therapeutic use of stem cells. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ In 2005, stem cells were
used to restore the insulation tissue of neurons in laboratory rats, resulting in subsequent
improvements in their mobility.
How do prokaryotic cells divide? - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Binary fission
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Naked DNA vs. DNA
associated with proteins
DNA in cytoplasm vs. DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope
No mitochondria vs. mitochondria
70s vs. 80s ribosomes.
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
Outline two roles of extracellular components. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ The plant cell wall
maintains cell shape, prevents excessive water uptake, and holds the whole plant up against the force
of gravity.
Animal cells secrete glycoproteins that form the extracellular matrix. This functions in support,
adhesion, and movement.
List the functions of membrane proteins. - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Hormone binding sites,
immobilized enzymes, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication, channels for passive transport, and
pumps for active transport.
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