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Cognitive Neuropsychology Exam 2 Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Describe the basic idea of information processing in cognitive psychology - Answer We receive information from our senses, and then process thatinformation based onmental representationsthat we have (prior knowledge of concepts, memories, etc.) What is the difference between an independent an...

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  • August 21, 2024
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Cognitive Neuropsychology Exam 2
Questions And All Correct Answers.
Describe the basic idea of information processing in cognitive psychology - Answer We receive
information from our senses, and then process thatinformation based onmental representationsthat we
have (prior knowledge of concepts, memories, etc.)



What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? - Answer IV: The variable in
an experiment manipulated by the researcher.

DV: The variable in an experiment that is being evaluated by the researcher.



What does the Sternberg memory task reveal about serial memory search? - Answer Participant sees a
set of letters to memorize. The memory set consists of one, two, or four letters. The they see a single
letter and must decide whether this letter was part of the memorized set. He presses one button to
indicate "yes" and other to indicate "no." The primary dependent variable is reaction time. Participants
have to encode, compare, decide, and respond.



What is the Stroop effect? - Answer Participants are slower to name the colors when the ink color and
words are mismatched, indicating that the second mental representation (reading the word) is activated
even when it is irrelevant to the task. The activation of a representation based on the word rather than
the color of the word appears to be automatic.



How is the Stroop effect measured? - Answer A task invented in which a subject sees a list of words
(color terms) printed in an ink color that differs from the word named. The subject is asked to name the
ink colors of the words in the list. Reaction time is recorded.



In neuroscience methods, what is temporal resolution? - Answer refers to clearly visualizing when the
brain is performing actions



In neuroscience methods, what is spatial resolution? - Answer refers to clearly visualizing structures
and locations in the brain where the brain is performing actions



What is histology? - Answer Analysis/study of cells and tissue

, What is optogenetics? - Answer A procedure in which genes are manipulated so that they express a
photosensitive protein that, when exposed to light, will activate the neuron. The genetic manipulation
can be modified such that the protein expression is limited to particular neural regions.



What are the strengths and limitations of using animals for cognitive neuroscience research? - Answer
S: Great resolution.Allows us to do tightly controlled, invasive research on the brain.Animal brain can be
removed for analysis.

L: We aren't testing humans!We assume there are correlations between species.Behavioral tests in
animals might not be the same as tests in humans. Ethical and moral issues--are we taking advantage of
subjects that can't fight back?



What is the difference between a single and double dissociation in neuropsychology? Be sure to identify
a case of single vs double dissociation? - Answer S: Lesion to structure A disrupts function X, but not
function YExample: Broca's area

D: Lesion to area A disrupts function X, not Y; lesion to area B disrupts function Y, not XExample: Broca's
Area AND Wernicke's Area



What are the strengths and limitations of using neuropsychological patient samples in cognitive
neuroscience research? - Answer S: Can provide insight into how the brain works that non patients
can't.

L: Might have experienced other brain damage that accounts for the measured reactions.



What is the difference between a closed and open head injury? - Answer C: Skull remains intact, but
mechanicalforces damage brain (car accident, falls, contact sports). Coup‒injury at site of blow.
Countercoup‒occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit, from brain movement within the skull.

O: Skull is penetrated, leading to directbrain injury from penetrating object (e.g., bullet).



Be able to describe why orbitofrontal cortex is differentially susceptible to traumatic brain injury. -
Answer areas of multisensory integration that are injured can account for a lot of the reported
symptoms of the injury.



What is an epileptic seizure? - Answer A transient loss of consciousness caused by excessive and
abnormally patterned activity in the brain.

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